{"id":21570,"date":"2025-03-20T08:32:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T07:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/?p=21570"},"modified":"2025-03-20T11:05:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T10:05:24","slug":"from-singapore-under-british-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"From Singapore \u201cunder British protection\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13f34640{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;border-style:none;--border-style:none;--border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:60px;--padding-bottom:60px;--padding-left:5px;--padding-right:5px;}.elementor-1802 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data-widget_type=\"loop-carousel.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-12420\">.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;--background-transition:0.3s;border-style:solid;--border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;--border-top-width:1px;--border-right-width:1px;--border-bottom-width:1px;--border-left-width:1px;border-color:var( --e-global-color-1137004 );--border-color:var( --e-global-color-1137004 );--border-radius:50% 50% 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button-content-wrapper{flex-direction:row-reverse;}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button{font-family:\"Satoshi\", Sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;fill:var( --e-global-color-f898366 );color:var( --e-global-color-f898366 );background-color:#61CE7000;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:hover, .elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:focus{color:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:hover svg, .elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:focus svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:5px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-transform-translateY:10px;}\/* Start custom CSS for theme-post-title, class: .elementor-element-9084d7b *\/.swiper-heading h3:hover{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for container, class: .elementor-element-561538b *\/.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b{\n    aspect-ratio: 1\/1\n}\n\n.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b:hover *{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b{\n    max-width: 300px;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-29998 post-29998 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-no-3-troop-no-10-inter-allied-commando tag-x-commando\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">X Commando \u2013 Taking up Arms Against Fascism<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/x-commando-enemy-aliens-on-the-front-lines\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-24176 post-24176 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australien-2 tag-nazis-in-tatura-en tag-queen-mary-internierte-2 tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A &#8220;Jewish Mutiny&#8221;?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/a-jewish-mutiny\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23737 post-23737 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australia tag-lical-internees tag-nazis-in-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cThe German salute is your duty\u201d<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-german-salute-is-your-duty\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23220 post-23220 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-arnold-bernstein-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-mv-abosso-en tag-ulrich-a-boschwitz-en tag-waroonga-en tag-westernland-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Three Ship Stories<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/three-ship-stories\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-21689 post-21689 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-exile tag-great-britain tag-internment tag-queen-mary-en tag-singapore tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;&#8230; hurts our very innermost&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/hurts-our-very-innermost\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-21570 post-21570 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-deportation-en tag-gerhard-seefeld-en tag-italian-internees tag-queen-mary-en tag-singapore tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From Singapore \u201cunder British protection\u201d<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20548 post-20548 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arandora-star-en tag-arandora-star-en tag-australia tag-deportation-en tag-dunera-en tag-england-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-italiener-2\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arandora Star <br>Part 3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20087 post-20087 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-exil-en tag-felix-nussbaum-2 tag-holocaust-en tag-j-stamp tag-judenstempel-en tag-persecution tag-sweden tag-switzerland\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The &#8220;J&#8221;-Stamp<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-j-stamp\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-16216 post-16216 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-aktionsjuden-en tag-anti-semitism tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-faschism tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-holocaust-en tag-judenaktion-en tag-night-of-broken-glass tag-pogrom-en tag-rath-jews tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Aktionsjuden&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/aktionsjuden\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-15412 post-15412 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-bombay-en tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-paretzkin-en tag-sonnenfeldt-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Dumped&#8221; in Bombay<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dumped-in-bombay\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-14851 post-14851 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Sympathy and human kindness&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/sympathy-and-human-kindness\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-8727 post-8727 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australia tag-camp-hay-en tag-internment\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An appeal made by internees<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/an-appeal-made-by-internees\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-14865 post-14865 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-internment tag-paul-r-bartrop tag-white-australia-policy\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;99,1 per cent british&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/991-per-cent-british\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11996 post-11996 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-aktionsjuden-en tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-csr-en tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-holocaust-en tag-munich-agreement tag-neville-chamberlain-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The \u201eFall Gr\u00fcn\u201c<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-fall-gruen\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10633 post-10633 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-abraham-flieder-en tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-holocaust-en tag-jews-from-poland tag-judenaktion-en tag-polenaktion-en tag-zbaszyn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The &#8220;Polenaktion&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-polenaktion\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10153 post-10153 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Two Years in Nazi concentration camps&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/two-years-in-nazi-concentration-camps\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12689 post-12689 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-british-deportations category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-churchill-en tag-deportations tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">British deportations<br>Part 1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12555 post-12555 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-british-deportations category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-churchill-en tag-deportations tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">British deportations<br>Part 2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12910 post-12910 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-british-deportations category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-churchill-en tag-deportations tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">British deportations<br>Part 3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12081 post-12081 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arandora-star-en category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arandora Star<br>Part 1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-starpart-1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12387 post-12387 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arandora-star-en category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arandora Star <br>Part 2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 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id=\"block-4eff1cd9-2c8f-49f2-b56f-896201050dd2\">On September 18, 1940, the British colonial power ordered the precautionary evacuation of a group of \u201cenemy aliens\u201d from Germany, Austria and Italy from Singapore. But wait &#8211; what looked like an \u201cevacuation\u201d for fear of a Japanese invasion was only the appearance of the action. In fact, it was a deportation of these people, including many young children and old people. They had agreed to the transport because they had been promised a life of freedom in Australia. They had to travel under guard and were immediately imprisoned behind triple barbed wire in the Tatura 3 camp in Australia.<\/p>\n<cite>Peter Dehn Febuary 2025.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">In this article:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#%E2%80%9CUnder_British_protection_on_British_soil%E2%80%9D\" >\u201cUnder British protection on British soil\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#No_dangerous_enemies\" >No dangerous enemies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#%E2%80%9CProtection%E2%80%9D_behind_Australian_barbed_wire\" >\u201cProtection\u201d behind Australian barbed wire<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#About_chicken_wire_and_blowflies\" >About chicken wire and blowflies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#%E2%80%9CDetained%E2%80%9D_instead_of_interned\" >\u201cDetained\u201d instead of interned<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#Life_in_the_camp\" >Life in the camp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#Age_is_no_protection_from_the_camp\" >Age is no protection from the camp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#%E2%80%9CNo_right_of_objection%E2%80%9D\" >\u201cNo right of objection\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#The_Italians_on_board_the_Queen_Mary\" >The Italians on board the Queen Mary<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#The_end_of_internment\" >The end of internment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#Queen_Mary_%E2%80%93_the_passenger_lists\" >Queen Mary &#8211; the passenger lists<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#Years_behind_barbed_wire\" >Years behind barbed wire<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/#Footnotes\" >Footnotes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CUnder_British_protection_on_British_soil%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>\u201cUnder British protection on British soil\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1931, Singapore&#8217;s Jewish population was officially counted at 832 people. Then the Nazis came to power in Germany and immediately initiated anti-Semitic persecution. The British Crown Colony became a place of refuge. By 1942, the Jewish population had almost doubled to around <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21573'>1,500 people<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[1]  Wikipedia \"<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History of the Jews in Singapore<\/a>\", retrieved 25.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br><br>As early as mid-1940, the British were apparently anticipating a Japanese offensive on the Malay Peninsula and Singapore at its southern tip. The internment of \u201cenemy aliens\u201d was discussed between the authorities in London and locally. The British Colonial Office instructed the governor to act as he saw fit. The local colonial authorities did not want to get involved with a camp on their territory. \u201cThe tropics were considered unsuitable from a health point of view for the prolonged accommodation of Europeans\u201c, the historian <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21577'>Paul Bartrop<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[2]  Paul Bartrop \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.duneraassociation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/No.28-Dunera-News-Oct-1993.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Work on the internees from Singapore<\/a>\" in Dunera News No. 28, October 1993.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> summarized the reasoning and added: \u2018There was no possibility of adequately accommodating internees\u2019. After England and Australia had reached an agreement on the accommodation of internees, the colonial authorities in Singapore obtained permission from London to send \u201ctheir\u201d enemy aliens to Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>On July 22, 1940, 232 \u201cenemy aliens\u201d from Germany and Austria and 63 Italians were told to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21590'>bring them to Australia<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[3]  The official figures differ. More on this in the section \u201c<a href=\"#Queen_Mary_\u2013_the_passenger_lists\">The Queen Mary passenger lists<\/a>\u201d.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. British authorities assured them \u201cthat they would be treated well in Australia and granted <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21594'>freedom of movement<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[4]  The article is partly based on the article \u201cArt Behind the Wire\u201d by Melinda Mockridge (\u00a9 2014 Duldig Studio), cited in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.duneraassociation.com\/queen-mary-internees\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Queen Mary Internees<\/a>\u201d, Dunera Association, accessed 20.8.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> comparable to that which they had enjoyed in Singapore\u201d. This reads like an evacuation and a good offer. The prospect of living \u201cunder British protection on British soil\u201d was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21597'>accepted by the group<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[5]  Cf. G. Seefeld, L. Duldig and P. Schlesinger, Letter to the Governor General, Lord Gowrie, 2 March 1941, Duldig Studio Archives, cited in \u201cQueen Mary Internees\u201d aao.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br><br>As late as 29 August 1940, the British Secretary for Defense in Malaya, a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21600'>Mr. Dawson<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[6]  Dawson, Secretary for Defense, Malaya, on 29.8.1940 to E.M. Knopf and other petitioners. In National Archives of Australia (NAA), NAA_ItemNumber358850 page 23, retrieved on 14.12.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, had allayed fears of the \u201cinternees\u201d and informed them \u201cthat they will not be detained for certain offences against the defense laws of the colony in accordance with the Defense Rules and that therefore it is not proposed to bring their cases before a tribunal\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#d45847;border-width:4px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);box-shadow:var(--wp--preset--shadow--sharp);flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Japanese invasion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Japanese began their advance through Malaysia at the beginning of December 1941. They reached the south of the peninsula on January 31, 1941, and the British surrendered on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21603'>February 15, 1942<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[7]  Wikipedia about the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schlacht_um_Singapur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Battle of Singapore<\/a>, retrieved on 25.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the subsequent battle for the fortified colony of Singapore at the southern tip of the peninsula.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After being assured that they would not be imprisoned or persecuted, those affected believed themselves to be on the safe side, protected from a Japanese invasion and looking forward to a future in freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"719\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1940_QueenMary_Ausschiffung.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20848 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1940_QueenMary_Ausschiffung.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1940_QueenMary_Ausschiffung-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1940_QueenMary_Ausschiffung-768x552.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>On September 18, 1940, German internees were brought aboard the Queen Mary in the port of Singapore under guard. Photo: Alamy license, ID 2HX5D64.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"398\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/19400922_QueenMary_Speisaekarte.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21121 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/19400922_QueenMary_Speisaekarte.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/19400922_QueenMary_Speisaekarte-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>The breakfast menu on board the Queen Mary on September 22, 1940 Source: AWM, No. RC11584.551.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"No_dangerous_enemies\"><\/span><strong>No dangerous enemies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This was similarly passed on to the Australian authorities. Singapore expressly assured there \u201ethat with some exceptions these persons are not considered tobe dangerous enemies and if it were not for the special circumstances of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21607'>Straits Settlements<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[8]  Unter diesem Begriff fasste Gro\u00dfbritannien bis 1946 die Kronkolonien an der Stra\u00dfe von Malakka zusammen, via\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Straits_Settlements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>, abgerufen am 25.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, it is possible that the majority vould witout detriement have been allowed to remain at liberty\u201d. The Malaya government would not stand in the way of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21610'>release in Australia<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[9]  Secret letter from Government House Singapore on 20.9.1940, NAA_ItemNumber6937127, pages 4\/5, retrieved on 14.12.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br><br>The journey from Singapore to Australia on the Queen Mary, which had been converted into a troopship for up to 5,500 men, began on September 18, 1940. The luxury liner was painted in grey camouflage in Sydney in March 1940. The current owner calls this \u201cthe birth of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21613'>Grey Ghost<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[10]  Cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.queenmary.com\/timeline-stats--fun-facts.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Queen Mary<\/a> online, retrieved on 27.11.2024. The capacity was 5,500 men. In 1942, a division of 15,125 men and 863 crew members were transported.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d.<br><br>On board the former luxury liner, the group were treated like 2nd class passengers, the care and treatment was good (in contrast to the Dunera) and they were only underway for a week until the ship dropped anchor in Sydney on September 25, 1940. The guard of 42 soldiers of the Gordon Highlanders was probably not particularly disturbing.<br><br>Having been promised their release, the deportees took their entire household with them. In view of the well-dressed arrivals, the response in the Australian press was much more positive than when the Dunera Boys arrived in Melbourne three weeks earlier, looking rather torn for <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/die-reise-der-dunerateil-1\/\">well-known reasons<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CProtection%E2%80%9D_behind_Australian_barbed_wire\"><\/span><strong>\u201cProtection\u201d behind Australian barbed wire<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Germans, Austrians and Italians were taken from Sydney to the Tatura 3 camp near the small town of Shepparton in the north of the state of Victoria.&nbsp;The first measure was a search of their luggage. Indirectly, it became clear that the internees had brought their entire household and possessions with them because they had been promised a life of freedom. An <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-22481'>officer from the intelligence section<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[11]  In a statement dated December 20, 1940, to the commanding officer of the 17th Garrison Battalion, its Intelligence Division countered the untrue claim of an \u201cAuditors' Report\u201d that they had refused to cooperate with the paymasters. In NAA_ItemNumber330926, page 123.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of the 17th Garrison Battalion reported critically on the searches:<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#8220;The Internees ex Singapore arrived late in the afternoon and carried considerable quantities of luggage, which had to be searched. The search revealed many valuables an thousands of pounds in various currencies, drafts and cheques. No providion had been made by the Paymastser to provide envelopes, forms or receipts, and we prepared shedules for entering the amounts an issued interim receipts. The whole of the transaction was carried out under extremely difficult conditions, as the internees comprised many women and children, and all were more or less excited. The Intelligence Staff of 2 Officers and 2 Sergeants were entirely responsible and the Paymaster was not present.<\/p>\n<p>Two days later, after checking the cast, darfts etc. we handed over to the Paymaster, who with his assistand checkedthe amounts in our presence, and found the figures correct, but we received no acquittance.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>The camp consisted of four separate compounds, each with 18 barracks. The families and single women were accommodated in Compound D, the single men in Compound C. Everyone was surprised and horrified to be locked up like prisoners of war behind barbed wire, watchtowers with searchlights, guard corridors, etc. instead of living in the promised freedom. In both compounds they were imprisoned together with \u201c<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21617'>Australian Nazis<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[12]  Cf. various documents In NAA_ItemNumber347069, retrieved on 20.12.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d.<br><br>The phrase \u201cunder British protection on British soil\u201d seems meaningful enough to also describe imprisonment. The British government certainly knew exactly what awaited the internees in Australia, even if the departments in Singapore may not have been informed. Not least because the British government also financed the construction and operation of this internment camp.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ScolaGiorgio_Tatura2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21126 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ScolaGiorgio_Tatura2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ScolaGiorgio_Tatura2-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ScolaGiorgio_Tatura2-768x476.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>This view of the Tatura 2 camp was painted by Italian internee Giorgio Scola with watercolors around 1941, courtesy of Julian Scola.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_chicken_wire_and_blowflies\"><\/span><strong>About chicken wire and blowflies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe were, therefore, utterly surprised to find ourselves upon arrival in an ordinary camp for prisoners of war &#8211; which was not even completed &#8211; and to see that nothing did correspond with those assurances given to us in Singapore. The huts made of corrugated iron are not able to give shelter from the cold and heat.\u201c Gerhard Seefeld complained about this <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21623'>as representative of the internees<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[13]  G. Seefeld on September 29, 1940 to the camp commander in NAA_ItemNumber358850, page 12f.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> to the camp commander immediately after their arrival on <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/?p=21689\">September 29, 1940<\/a><strong>.<\/strong> The treatment of the Queen Mary group was in this respect similar to how the Australians treated the Dunera Boys.<br><br>The then three-year-old Ruth Simon, n\u00e9e <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21626'>Gottlieb<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[14]  The family from Vienna is not related to <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/leon-gottlieb\/\">Leon Gottlieb<\/a> from Hamburg, who was also brought to Australia on the Queen Mary.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, recalled the reaction of her mother Johanna. She had commented on \u201cthe chicken wire ventilation in the huts\u201d with the remark: \u201cDon&#8217;t tell me the blowflies are that big!\u201d \u201cSurrounded by adults &#8216;everyone was uncle and aunty&#8217;, she recalled the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21629'>difficulties of living<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[15]  Melinda Mockridge, Ruth Simon \u201cRuthi, a young girl in internment\u201d in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.duneraassociation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/No.98-Dunera-News-Oct-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dunera News No. 98<\/a>, page 8 of October 2016, retrieved on 15.09.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in such proximity, the lack of privacy and water, playing with friends, the freedom to roam the camp, and the friendliness of the camp guards.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CDetained%E2%80%9D_instead_of_interned\"><\/span><strong>\u201cDetained\u201d instead of interned<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of the \u201cbureaucracy\u201d of this special internment is that there are only a few British personal files of Queen Mary internees in the publicly accessible documents of the Australian National Archives. This was different for the men deported from the British Isles to Canada and Australia. The Australian personnel files differ from those of the Dunera Boys in one interesting respect: on both of the usual forms for Dunera Boys, the words \u201cPrisoner of War\u201d were crossed out and \u201cInternees\u201d stamped above them. For the Queen Mary people, the pre-printed words \u201cPrisoner of War\u201d or \u201cInternee\u201d on the \u201cService and Casualty Form\u201d index sheet and the \u201cReport on &#8230;\u201d questionnaire were replaced by \u201cDetained Refugee\u201d and the term \u201cinternment\u201d was replaced by \u201cdetention\u201d. The entry route was generally entered as \u201cEscort Queen Mary\u201d (emphasis added) and the date of detention as September 27 &#8211; i.e. the arrival or first registration in the Tatura camp. These changes were made by typewriter. It should therefore be assumed that the documents were filled out in the typing pool of the guard units with official approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>The difference between the classification of the Queen Mary group as \u201cprisoners\u201d and the \u201cinterned\u201d Dunera men probably made little difference in practice. Ultimately, all those deported to Australia were subject to the local regulations for prisoners of war, including mail censorship.<br><br>One of the top achievements of the internment bureaucracy was that even the 15 children born during the internment were officially interned. Ronald Frederick Gottlieb was born in Waranga Base Hospital on January 1, 1942. This was one of the hospitals responsible for the care of camp inmates in the Tatura region. The baby was officially interned on January 29. The cries of joy were certainly great when Ronald learned of his release on April 27, 1942, together with his mother and sister Ruth. Father <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21632'>Otto Gottlieb<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[16]  Personalakten Otto und Ronald Gottlieb in Nationalarchiv NAA, abgerufen am 20.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> had started his service with the 8th Employment Company on April 8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Formular_Ausriss-1024x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22402 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>The Australian army did not refer to the Germans and Austrians of the Queen Mary group as internees, but as \u201cdetained refugees\u201d. Source: NAA_ItemNumber9904155.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br>The four very young children born in Malaya in 1940 had a similar fate. Eva Duldig, just four years old, was released from internment \u201con parole\u201d (!). It is important to note that children born in Singapore or Australia were British citizens by virtue of British law. A total of 41 children and young people up to the age of 18 (born in 1922 or later) were sent to the camp with the Queen Mary and as family members of the internees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_in_the_camp\"><\/span><strong>Life in the camp<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"931\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Tatura_Einladung.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21138 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Tatura_Einladung.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Tatura_Einladung-193x300.jpg 193w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Invitation to the theater: H. Blau presented the play \u201cLaugh amd forget\u201d.\n\nGraphic: Ludwig Meilich. Courtesy of Miriam Gould.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Shortly after arriving at the camp, some families were separated: up to 25 children over the age of 12 were sent to the Jewish Welfare Society&#8217;s Larino children&#8217;s home or other homes or boarding schools in Melbourne. The younger kids stayed with their parents; the internees organized a kindergarten for them.<br><br>\u201cWe had a canteen, camp library and a camp school where scientists, students and others regularly gave lectures. (&#8230;) The food was good, the climatic conditions unfavorable due to the hot sandstorms,\u201c recalled <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21636'>Franz Lebrecht<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[17]  Franz Lebrecht \u201eBericht \u00fcber Erlebnisse w\u00e4hrend des Dritten Reiches \u2026\u201c on 10.4.1960 for Wiener Library, No. 1656\/3\/9\/1194, page 25. Dehn Archives.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Similar to the Dunera internees, 3 plays were also written and performed in Tatura. Werner Baer (*1914) from Berlin composed songs for them, with lyrics by Hans Blau (*1906) from Vienna. Ludwig Meilich designed the advertising motif for one of the plays.<br><br>Although the British government wanted the internees to be treated like enemies, they were generally treated \u201c<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21639'>extremely well<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[18]  Cf. G. Seefeld, L. Duldig, P. Schlesinger loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d by the Australian guards, according to internees.<br><br>However, the world of the internees cannot have been quite so perfect. The \u201ccamp leader\u201d Gerhard Seefeld, who had been elected by the Jews of the Queen Mary group of Tatura 3 camp, was dismissed by the camp commander \u201cfor lack of cooperation\u201d. Seefeld had continued to warn of conflicts and the potential for violence between the hostile groups with ever stronger words in the face of vehement ignorance: Jews and politically persecuted people on the one side and German and Australian Nazis and Italian fascists on the other had been housed together in the compounds. The officers in charge saw the internees&#8217; resistance to this decision as a \u201cJewish mutiny\u201d and tried in vain to discipline the internees by withholding mail, among other things.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In later conflicts, the commanders backed the Nazis and fascists. A provocation by Nazis against Jews took place at the end of September 1941, as is known from the documents of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21641'>17th Garrison Battalion<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[19]  Cf. various documents in NAA_ItemNumber347069, retrieved on 20.12.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> responsible for guarding the Tatura 1 and Tatura 3 camps. The battalion commander, Lieutenant Colonel Tackaberry, shifted the responsibility to the Jews. In the camps guarded by this unit, Nazis and fascists were apparently able to let off steam. The Nazis even installed a \u201chall guard\u201d to ensure that their man was elected to represent the internees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Age_is_no_protection_from_the_camp\"><\/span><strong>Age is no protection from the camp<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21644'>Four men<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[20]  Cf. the personnel files in the Australian National Archives, retrieved on 16.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the Queen Mary group were over 70 years old. Joseph Rein, born on December 11, 1862 in Hungary, was the oldest of this group. He was interned at the age of 78 (!). He was one of the first to be released from internment in October 1941. His daughter Irma (*1899) was allowed to accompany him to the \u201cMontefiori\u201d home in Melbourne St. Kilda. Joseph died there on August 11, 1942.<br><br>When he was arrested in Singapore, the Dane Alf Knudsen was 71 years old. He had to endure a further 16 months in captivity after the end of the war until he was released to Melbourne in September 1946 at the age of 77.<br><br>Arnold Aussem (*1868) from Cologne was held in the Tatura camp until long after the end of the war. Arnold died there on July 23, 1946 and was buried in the Tatura cemetery. His widow Jessie was only released to her birthplace Singapore in May 1947 (!) at the age of 66.<br><br>Carl Habekost (*1868) and his daughter Carla (*1912) are a particularly interesting case: according to Australian files they were <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21648'>repatriated in July 1943<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[21]  Letter from the War Ministry to the Foreign Ministry dated 22.9.1944. In NAA_ItemNumber770913, page 10, retrieved on 15.12.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and are said to have \u201capparently\u201d reached Germany in October.<br><br>Ludwig Meilich, a civil engineer from Vienna, born in 1883, died in Mooropna Hospital on September 16, 1941.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CNo_right_of_objection%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>\u201cNo right of objection\u201d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"915\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/TaturaHeirat_1941.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21140 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/TaturaHeirat_1941.png 915w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/TaturaHeirat_1941-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/TaturaHeirat_1941-768x403.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>A wedding in the camp was a rare event. Hans Fischer and Lotte Calm (front center with friends and child Ruth Gottlieb) decided to marry Lotte Calm on September 8, 1941.\n\nPhoto: Ruth Simon Collection; excerpt from Dunera Newsletter No. 98, page 9.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>As in the <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-duneras-journeypart-3\/\">Hay 7<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-duneras-journeypart-4\/\">Hay 8<\/a> camps, the Queen Mary internees confronted their unfortunate situation and <strong>protested<\/strong> against their detention and for their release in accordance with the promises. &nbsp; As a matter of principle, the Australians refused to deal with the release of internees. This was in line with the then <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/991-per-cent-british\">White Australia Policy<\/a> of the ruling racist United Australia Party (UAP), which wanted to preserve the country&#8217;s \u201cracial homogeneity\u201d. Australia had previously made it clear that the settlement of internees, let alone Jews, was undesirable. Australia shifted the responsibility to the British authorities (99%) in Singapore (Queen Mary) and London (Dunera).<br><br>\u201cThey had <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21652'>no right of appeal<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[22]  Memorandum of the Australian War Cabinet of July 22, 1941, NAA_ItemNumber651163 page 7, retrieved on December 15, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> against their internment, and no files were kept on them,\u201d Australia&#8217;s Prime Minister replied in July 1941 to a query from his military about the status of the Queen Mary internees. And added some self-praise: \u201cEfforts were made to place young children in schools and to provide educational facilities for younger men.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In accordance with his instructions, the camp commandant of Tatura 3 informed the internees on October 21 that they should address their <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21655'>requests for release<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[23]  See NAA_ItemNumber358850 aao. Page 12f.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> to the British authorities in Singapore. So on October 28, 1940, the internees formulated their request again and addressed it to the Honorable Colonial Secretary in Singapore. The letter was signed by 126 Germans and Austrians, who also spoke on behalf of their 25 children.<br><br>Nevertheless interesting is the following <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21657'>remark<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[24]  \u201eQueen Mary Internees\u201c loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, which refers to the deselection of the racist United Australia Party (UAP) from government in December 1941:<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cThis change meant a more sympathetic attitude and serious consideration to the plight of the internees and ultimately agreement that they be released.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Italians_on_board_the_Queen_Mary\"><\/span><strong>The Italians on board the Queen Mary<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>While the German-Austrian Queen Mary group consisted almost exclusively of Jews and political refugees, the Far East sojourn of the deported Italians was only in rare cases due to an escape from the Mussolini fascists. Two Jews in this group are known. When questioned by the camp commanders, some people explicitly described themselves as Mussolini supporters and members of the Fascist Party.<br><br>On the Queen Mary, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21660'>44 Italians<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[25]  Research of dunera.de, see <a href=\"#Queen_Mary_%E2%80%93_die_Passagierlisten\">below<\/a>.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, including 9 children, were transported to Australia. The Reginato family had two children in the camp. \u201cInterned in hospital\u201d was noted by the Australian bureaucracy on the dockets of these two of the five children born in the camp. One woman died in the camp. Many of the men in this group had been arrested in one of the Asian colonies or on board merchant ships.<br><br>Interestingly, four Italians enlisted for military service and were accepted into the 8th Australian Employment Company. Two of these men and six other Italian internees from this transport later became Australian citizens.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"637\" height=\"368\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ItalieanInterneeFamilies.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21133 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ItalieanInterneeFamilies.jpg 637w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ItalieanInterneeFamilies-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Italienische Queen Mary-Familien in Tatura. Stehend v.l.n.r.: Giovanni Battista Reginato, Cosimo Marsella, Giuliano Hreglich, Giulio Hreglich, Sitzend: .Ottilia Reginato mit Tochter Elena, Phyllis Marsella mit Sohn Ricardo, Anna und Carla Hreglich, Vincenco Reginato. Photo: C.T. Halmarick ca. 1943. Quelle: Australian War Memorial Nr. 030190\/11.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_end_of_internment\"><\/span><strong>The end of internment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Australia&#8217;s anti-refugee policy only changed after the change of government in August 1941 and Japan&#8217;s declaration of war on 8 December 1941. However, the fact that the British government had already organized releases from internment before then and <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-3\/\">after harsh public criticism<\/a>, and ended internment from spring 1942, did not initially change the Queen Mary internees&#8217; stay in the camp.<br><br>Australia&#8217;s political reorientation was only triggered by the shock of the first Japanese air raid on Darwin on February 19, 1942. More than 100,000 Australians were subsequently called up and their labor was missing from the economy. From April 1942, they were replaced by ex-interns, among others. In return for their \u201c<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21665'>voluntarily<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[26]  Cf. memorandum of the Attorney-General for the Australian Parliament, March 29, 1946, NAA_ItemNumber4938132, sheet 28, number d.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d service in a military work unit, they were offered Australian citizenship or a right of residence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Of the 102 German and Austrian Queen Mary men aged 18 to 69 (born 1870 to 1922), <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21668'>75<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[27]  Resewarch by dunera.de.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> enlisted in the spring of 1942; four single Italians also did so. They served with the Dunera Boys in the 8th Employment Company as labor soldiers.<br><br>Shortly after they entered service, the soldiers&#8217; families were released from internment. Most of them sought accommodation in Melbourne, where the unit&#8217;s headquarters were located. The most important stationing locations were Albury, Wodonga and Tocumwal: at the border stations there, military and civilian goods were transferred between railroad wagons of different gauges in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria.<br><br>The majority of the German and Austrian families and a few Italians remained in Australia. Unless the men had joined the Australian army, most of the Italians were detained until long after the end of the war and repatriated until 1947.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Baerfamilie.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21165 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Baerfamilie.jpg 583w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Baerfamilie-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Miriam Baer was deported from Singapore to Australia with her parents Ilse and Werner when she was just 10 months old. Photo: Courtesy of Miriam Gould.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Please Note:<\/strong> Helmut Neust\u00e4dter from Berlin began his career as a fashion photographer in Australia. He became famous worldwide under the anglicized name Helmut Newton and became the best known of the Queen Mary internees. The composer Werner Baer was honored as a \u201cMember of the Order of the British Empire\u201d (MBE) for his services to the Australian music scene. On dunera.de you will find detailed biographies of the Queen Mary internees <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/franz-lebrecht\/\">Franz Lebrecht<\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/franz-lebrecht\/\"> <\/a><\/strong>and <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/leon-gottlieb\/\">Leon Gottlieb<\/a>. At the end of February 1941, <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ernst-friedlich\/\">Ernst Friedlich<\/a> (Ernest Fry) and his wife also arrived at Tatura 3 camp on the Bossevain from Singapore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Queen_Mary_%E2%80%93_the_passenger_lists\"><\/span>Queen Mary &#8211; the passenger lists<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>The names of the Germans and Austrians who were interned on the Queen Mary.<\/summary>\n<p>This list contains the names of the German and Austrian deportees who were transported to Australia on the Queen Mary in September 1940. In addition to these 223 people, the names of ten children who were born during the internment were also included. The starting point was the names published in the book \u201cDunera Lives &#8211; Profiles\u201d. After conducting our own research, particularly in digital sources of the National Archive of Australia, the exact dates of birth, occupations and any other information were added. When sorting, care was taken to keep the families together, with the husband being named first. Cross-references were added for families with different names. Two names were included due to the date of entry 25.9.1940 at Queen Mary, as stated by the NAA, although no digitized files are currently available there.<\/p>\n\n\n<span id=\"tablepress-6_ENG-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-6_ENG\"><\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-6_ENG\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-6_ENG\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-6_ENG-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Name<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Date and Place of Birth<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Arndt, Kurt (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">06.12.1912, K\u00f6slin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Brother of Charlotte Jakubowicz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Arndt, Wally<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">06.02.1912, Pomerania<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aussem, Arnold (3) (4)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">14.9.1868, Cologne<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Died in Tatura am 23.7.1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aussem Jessie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.3.1881, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released on  27.8.1947 to Singapore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Austerlitz, Hans-J. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.11.1911, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Doctor of Medicine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">6<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bader, Hans<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.11.1906, Porlitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">7<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bader, Margarethe<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.7.1907, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Milliner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">8<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bader, Harry (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">22.7.1931, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sent to children&#8217;s home &#8220;Larino&#8221; on 12.3.1941<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">9<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bader, Lieselotte (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.5.1936, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">10<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Baer,Werner (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.4.1914, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Music teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">11<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Baer, Ilse<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.1.1918, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ladies dressmaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">12<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Baer, Miriam M. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.10.1939, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">13<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bayer, Arnold (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.6.1912, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Baker and confectioner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">14<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Beer, Egon<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.2.1910, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ladies taylor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">15<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Beer, Anny<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.12.1908, Lopuena (Romania)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ladies dressmaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">16<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Beer, Karl (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.2.1900, Regensburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">17<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Beer, Herta<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.8.1906, Pless<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">18<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Berger, Walter (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.8.1880, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Mechanical engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">19<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Berlowitz, Alfred<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.9.1888, Tilsit<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dr of Engineering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">20<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Berlowitz, Wendla K.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1.6.1889, Festenbarg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">21<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bersu, Heinz (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.4.1908, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hotel &amp; restaurant manager<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">22<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bersu ,Regina<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.7.1915, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">23<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blach, Kurt (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.2.1908, Hanover<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">24<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blach, Louisa M.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.4.1914, Bandoeng, NL<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">25<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blau, Hans (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.1.1906, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">26<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blau, Helen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.8.1919, Neulengbach<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dress designer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">27<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blitz, Erich (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.10.1902, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant (clerk)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">28<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blitz, Walter (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">17.10.1898, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-30\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">29<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bornstein, Siegfried (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.9.1902, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Elec. Mining Eng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-31\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">30<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bornstein, Greta<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.2.1906, Baden (Vienna)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-32\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">31<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bratspies, Gustav (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.11.1895, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Civil engineer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-33\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">32<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bratspies, Alice<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.3.1896, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-34\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">33<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bratspies, Herbert H. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.5.1923, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Municipal clerk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-35\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">34<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bruck, Hans K.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">14.6.1900, Gr\u00fcnberg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ladies hairdresser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-36\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">35<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bruck,, Elsbet<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">22.5.1904, Forst<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ladies hairdresser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-37\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">36<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Calm, Lotte<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.11.1904, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Housekeeper; married Hans Fischer 1941 in the camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-38\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">37<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Danzig, Felix (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.6.1891, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hotel Manager.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-39\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">38<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Danzig, Elisabeth<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.3.1894, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Secretary of film producer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-40\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">39<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Danzig, Gertrude (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.11.1922, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released to Jewish Welfare 1941 (Larino?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-41\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">40<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dornberg, Kurt (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.7.1906, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-42\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">41<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dornberg, Eva<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.8.1913, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dressmaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-43\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">42<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dubsky, Hugo (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.2.1893, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-44\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">43<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duldig ,Karl (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.12..1902, Przemysl<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Artist, sculptor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-45\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">44<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duldig, Slawa<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.11.1901, Horocko (Poland)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Arist, painter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-46\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">45<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duldig, Eva R. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">11.2.1938, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&#8220;Released on parole&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-47\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">46<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duldig, Artur E. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.6.1922, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Apprentice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-48\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">47<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duldig, Leo<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.10.1889, Przemysl<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant,  released 1941 to Jewish Welfare Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-49\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">48<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duldig, Stefania<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1.1.1893, Krakow<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dressmaker, released 1941 to Jewish Welfare Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-50\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">49<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Eichler, Paul (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.10.1908, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Watchmaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-51\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">50<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Eichler, Stella<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">22.03.1913, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-52\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">51<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Eichler, Harry (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.06.1940, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-53\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">52<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Figdor, Alfred (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.10.1893, Wygoda<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-54\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">53<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Figdor, Valerie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.9.1895, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Chemist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-55\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">54<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fischer, Hans (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">14.4.1905, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Married Lotte Calm 1941 in the camp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-56\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">55<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fleischer, Oskar (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.9.1910, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician. Brother of Marianne Schuller.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-57\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">56<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Freudenthal, Bernhard (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.9.1900, Elsfleth<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dental surgeon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-58\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">57<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Freudenthal, Karla<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.10.1912, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dental nurse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-59\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">58<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Friedlaender, Alfred<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.6.1876, Gleiwitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant, aged 66 &#8220;released on parole&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-60\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">59<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Friedlaender, Selma<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">24.8.1880, Bielitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-61\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">60<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fuhrmann, Arthur (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">07.02.1910, Wiem<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Office clerk. Wife stayed in Singapore.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-62\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">61<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Funk, Hans<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.5.1901, Boskowitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Chemist, aka Fink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-63\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">62<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Funk, Therese<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.2.1908, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Beauty expert, aka Fink. Parents: E&amp;M Weiss.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-64\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">63<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Funk, Georg (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.11.1936, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1942 &#8220;Released o Parol&#8221;, aka Fink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-65\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">64<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Glueck, Herman (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">6.11.1901, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-66\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">65<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Glueck, Salomon (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.10.1907, Likawica<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Woodworking Eng. Sister: Minna Huppert.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-67\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">66<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Goldstein, Margarete<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.9.1888, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Mothwr of Hans G.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-68\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">67<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Goldstein, Hans F. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">6.2.1915, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Civil eng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-69\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">68<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Goldstein, Anneliese<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.5.1918, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dressmaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-70\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">69<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gottlieb, Leon (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.01.1912, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer, no relation to Otto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-71\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">70<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gottlieb, Otto (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.9.1907, W\u00f6rgl<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Civil engineer, no relation to Leon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-72\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">71<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gottlieb, Johanna Karoline<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.6.1909, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-73\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">72<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gottlieb, Ronald F. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1.1.1942, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in internment camp. Releaased 27.4.1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-74\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">73<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gottlieb, Ruth (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.12.1936, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-75\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">74<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gr\u00fcnbaum, Ludwig (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.9.1903, Kuppenheim<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-76\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">75<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gr\u00fcnbaum, Tilly<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.12.1913, Kassel<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Bookkeeper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-77\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">76<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gr\u00fcnbaum, Edith M. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.3.1939, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-78\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">77<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gr\u00fcnfeld, Robert (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.11.1897, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dr of phamacy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-79\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">78<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gr\u00fcnfeld, Therese<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">12.4.1897, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dental nurse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-80\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">79<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Guttmacher, Max (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.3.1906, Jaratschewo<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Photographer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-81\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">80<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Guttmacher, Ingeborg R.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.10.1919, Rathenow<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Supervisor of Children<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-82\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">81<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Habekost, Carl (3)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.8.1868, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Deported aged 72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-83\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">82<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Habekost, Carla<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.8.1912, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sales assistant, Carl&#8217;s daughter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-84\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">83<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hartwig, Werner M.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">24.7.1900, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Manufacturer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-85\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">84<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hartwig, Gertrud<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.5.1901, Buesen<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Daughter of A. Wesolowski. Released &#8220;On parole&#8221; after illness&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-86\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">85<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hartwig, Gerald A. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.2.1940, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&#8220;Released on parole 1942&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-87\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">86<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heimann, Werner (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">22.3.1915, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant. Aka Warren Henry Hyman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-88\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">87<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heimann, Tilly<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">31.5.1910, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-89\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">88<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heitler, Artur (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">24.10.1904, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Leather maker. Aka Hilton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-90\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">89<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heitler, Maria<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.08.1908, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-91\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">90<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heitler, Reginald (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.7.1939, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Nationality British<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-92\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">91<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heitler, Jesse R. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.3.1941, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in internment camp. Releaased 27.4.1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-93\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">92<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heymann, Elly<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.8.1898, Friedland<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Widow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-94\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">93<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Heymann, Leopold P. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.5.1928, Schneidem\u00fchl<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released to Jewish Welfare 1941 (Larino?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-95\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">94<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Holper, Raffael (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.9.1889, Riga<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Representative agent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-96\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">95<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Holper, Serafina<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.3.1892, Baku<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-97\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">96<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Holper, Allessandro<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">6.1.1919, Jekaterinoslaw<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Student of medicine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-98\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">97<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Holper, Anita (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.3.1925, Milano<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released to Jewish Welfare 1941 (Larino?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-99\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">98<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Holzbauer, Hans (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.8.1909, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musicoan. Aka John Wood.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-100\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">99<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Horowitz, Friedrich (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.5.1889, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Mining engineer, aka Fred Horry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-101\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">100<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Horowitz, C\u00e4cilia<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.9.1891, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-102\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">101<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Huppert, Eugen (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.6.1901, Ostrava<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Doctor of chemistry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-103\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">102<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Huppert, Minna<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.1.1902, Sokoliki<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dr.of pharmacy, sister of Salomon Glueck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-104\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">103<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Huppert, George (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">09.10.1937, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-105\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">104<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jacobs, Hans<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.10.1902, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-106\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">105<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jacoby, Jacob (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.11.1903, Kenya (Poland)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-107\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">106<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jacoby, Hedwig (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.6.1908, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-108\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">107<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jacoby, Eva R. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">14.6.1938, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released to Jewish Welfare 1941 (Larino?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-109\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">108<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jakubowicz, Hellmuth (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">17.03.1911, Guhrau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer. aka Jackson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-110\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">109<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jakubowicz, Charlotte<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.12.1914, K\u00f6slin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">aka Jackson. Sister of Kurt Arndt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-111\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">110<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jakubowicz, Ronald F. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.4.1942, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released 27.4.1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-112\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">111<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Just, Friedrich (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.8.1899, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-113\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">112<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Justitz, Alfred (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">17.1.1900, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-114\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">113<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Kann, Siegfried<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.2.1877, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-115\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">114<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Kann, Johanna<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.4.1886, Konotau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Singing teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-116\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">115<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Kann, Herbert (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.10.1909, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer, connection to Bodan?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-117\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">116<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Khuner, Alfred (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.9.1897, Austrerlitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-118\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">117<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Khuner, Helene<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.7.1907, Poland<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-119\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">118<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Khuner,  Ellen G. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.12.1936, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-120\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">119<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Knopf, Erich M. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.12.1898, M\u00fcnchen<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Bookbinder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-121\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">120<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Knudsen, Alf (3)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">21.6.1869, Esbjerg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">The Dane was imprisoned from the age of 71 to 77!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-122\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">121<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Koch, Richard<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.1.1891, Saaz (Slovakia)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Building employer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-123\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">122<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Koch, Valerie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.2.1898, Ostrava<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Medical technical analyst<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-124\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">123<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Kohn, Robert (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.4.1903, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-125\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">124<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Kresny, Julius (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.12.1895, Lautenberg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hotel manager, aka Krzesny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-126\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">125<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lebrecht, Franz (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">12.10.1901, Mainz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Economist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-127\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">126<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lichtenstein, Kurt C. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.6.1915, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Umbrella manufacturer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-128\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">127<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lichtenstern, Adolf O.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1.2.1903, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ingineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-129\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">128<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lichtenstern, Eugenia<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.7.1907, Olm\u00fctz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Secretary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-130\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">129<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lichtenstern, Charles (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.3.1943, Waranga<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in camp. Released 18.5.1943<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-131\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">130<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lichtenstern, Kurt<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1.11.1935, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-132\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">131<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Gunther (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.3.1909, Liegnitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Distiller, Helmut&#8217;s brother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-133\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">132<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Charlotte<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.6.1917, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Milliner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-134\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">133<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Richard G. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.4.1940, Penang<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-135\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">134<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Helmut<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.6.1911, Liegnitz<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Show window dresser, brother of Gunther<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-136\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">135<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Annemarie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">24.3.1915, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dental assistent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-137\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">136<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Hedwig<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">21.6.1885, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Helmut&#8217;s and Gunther&#8217;s mother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-138\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">137<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Liebrecht, Thomas M.P. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.3.1941, Mooroopna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in camp. Released 27.4.1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-139\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">138<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Littauer, Herbert (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.9.1911, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dipl.engineer, Stolperstein in Berlin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-140\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">139<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Loring, Paula<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.9.1904, Kaiserslautern<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Radiologist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-141\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">140<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Mandt, Yette<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">?<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">No digitized NAA files.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-142\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">141<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Meier,  Sophie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">21.6.1881, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Widow, mother-in-law G. Seefeld<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-143\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">142<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Meilich, Ludwig (4)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">7.7.1883, Holics<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer, died 13.9.41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-144\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">143<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Meilich, Olga<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.4.1896, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Dressmaker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-145\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">144<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Mense, Johann (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.2.1911, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Toolmaker. Father in Melbourne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-146\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">145<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Mittler, Kurt (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.2.1910, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Mechanic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-147\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">146<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Neust\u00e4dter, Helmut (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">31.10.1920, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Photographer, aka Helmut Newton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-148\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">147<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Paneth, Hans<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.11.1885, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-149\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">148<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Paneth, Margarita<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.9.1891, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-150\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">149<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Portnoj, Heinrich (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.10.1895, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-151\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">150<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Portnoj, Annie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.1.1900, Grulich<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Singing teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-152\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">151<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rein, Ernst (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.11.1895,  Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Taylor, cutter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-153\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">152<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rein, Ella<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.8.1897, Kaposvar<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-154\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">153<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rein, Josef (3)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">11.12.1862, Nagy<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Oldest of the group. Father of Irma and Ernst<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-155\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">154<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rein, Irma<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.8.1899, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Nurse, Josef&#8217;s daughter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-156\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">155<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reither, Carl (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.3.1907, Kassa<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-157\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">156<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reither, Cathleen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.1.1903, Ernakulam<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Private secretary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-158\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">157<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reither, Derrick G. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.1.1941, Mooroopna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp. Released &#8220;on parole&#8221;, 1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-159\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">158<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reither, Carl M. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.11.1936, Rangoon<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released 1942 &#8220;on parole&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-160\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">159<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rosenberg, Rudi<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.5.1902, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Advertising Agent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-161\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">160<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rosenberg, Ilse F.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">11.6.1899, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-162\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">161<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rosenberg, Inge<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.4.1921, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Window dresser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-163\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">162<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rosenthal, Franz<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3.2.1899, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Technical assistent, only released in 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-164\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">163<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Roth, Walter<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.5.1910, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Manager<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-165\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">164<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Roth, Ilse<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.9.1914, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-166\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">165<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rothschild, Jacob<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.12.1897, Neuhof<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-167\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">166<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rothschild, Jette<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.9.1896, Mitau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-168\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">167<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rothschild, Sonja H. (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.8.1925, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-169\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">168<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rubner, Anna<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">?<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">No digitized NAA files.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-170\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">169<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ruppin, Hans K.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.8.1913, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-171\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">170<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Schiff, Hans (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.1.1989, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-172\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">171<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Schirmer, Andrew<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.3.1903, Trautenau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-173\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">172<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Schlesinger, Paul (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.1.1900, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Chief accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-174\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">173<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Schlesinger, Gerti<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.2.1900, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-175\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">174<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Schlesinger, Franz L. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.7.1912, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Accountant, brother of Anneliese Goldstein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-176\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">175<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sch\u00fcller, Marianne<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">21.5.1905, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Children&#8217;s nurse, sister of O. Fleischer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-177\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">176<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sch\u00fcller, Edith (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">7.8.1929, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1941 sent to Grammar School Tatura, later Essendon.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-178\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">177<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Arthur<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">7.4.1879, Koelpin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Prof. dent, father of Gerhard and Helmut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-179\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">178<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld,  Sophie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.3.1881, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-180\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">179<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Gerhard (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.6.1905, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant, spokesman of internees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-181\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">180<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Rosalie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">11.5.1915, Harbin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sophie Meier is her mother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-182\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">181<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Doris (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">14.11.1934, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">British by birth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-183\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">182<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Valerie (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">21.3.1940, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">British by birth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-184\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">183<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Gerald (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.10.1938, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">British by birth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-185\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">184<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Loretta (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.9.1933, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">British by birth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-186\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">185<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Alexander J. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.9.1941, Mooroopna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-187\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">186<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Derrick W. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.10.1942, Waranga<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-188\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">187<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Helmut (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.3.1913, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-189\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">188<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Edith<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.5.1910, Hamburg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Steno typist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-190\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">189<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Seefeld, Marion S. Ch. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.10.1941, Mooroopna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp. Released 1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-191\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">190<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Skrein, Philip W. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">22.7.1918, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Commercial assistant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-192\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">191<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Steinberger, Egon<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.9.1919, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Manufacturer Leather goods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-193\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">192<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Steinberger, Elfreda (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">11.3.1920, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Leather sower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-194\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">193<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Steiner, Paul (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.1.1901, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-195\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">194<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Steiner, Emma<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.10.1902, Innsbruck<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-196\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">195<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Steiner, Helga (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.7.1924, Innsbruck<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sales girl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-197\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">196<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stern, Albert<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.11.1878, Leipzig<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-198\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">197<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stern, Martha<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.4.1887, Amsterdam<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-199\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">198<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stiwelband, Mischa (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.8.1896, Odessa<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician, bandleader<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-200\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">199<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stiwelband, Margarethe<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.7.1896, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-201\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">200<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stiwelband, Oswald (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.9.1923, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Student (music)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-202\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">201<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stroh, Bernhard<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"> 21.2.1900, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-203\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">202<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Stroh, Berta P<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">6.5.1903, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Secretary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-204\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">203<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sturm, Maximilian (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.5.1907, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Radio technician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-205\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">204<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sturm, Lili<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.5.1910, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-206\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">205<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Suerth, Egon (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">6.4.1901, K\u00f6ln<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Physician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-207\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">206<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Tichauer, Salo M. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.6.1898, Katowice<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician, bandleader<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-208\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">207<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Tichauer, Alma<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.2.1885, Pilchengrund<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-209\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">208<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Urbach, Frank (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.8.1903, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant, Accountant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-210\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">209<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Urbach, Helen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.11.1904, Serdica<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Garment manufacturer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-211\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">210<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Walla, Gottfried<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.11.1892, Trebitsch<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser, released only 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-212\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">211<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Walla, Hedwig<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.6.1902, Gengkoi<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">School teacher, 1946 freigelassen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-213\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">212<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Walla, Erba (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.3.1932, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">From 1941 School in Kilmore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-214\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">213<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Walla, Rudolf (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.5.1930, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">From 1941 School in Kilmore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-215\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">214<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Walla, Theodor (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.4.1934, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">From 1941 School in Kilmore, 1942 released and re-interned until 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-216\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">215<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Walla, Karl (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.4.1944, Waranga<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp. Released 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-217\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">216<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Weintraub, Max<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.9.1885, Breslau<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Comm. Artist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-218\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">217<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Weintraub, Elli<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.9.1908, Wetter<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-219\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">218<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Weiss, Emanuel<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1879 ?<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Parents-in-law of the Funk couple.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-220\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">219<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Weiss, Malwine<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1883 ?<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Parents-in-law of the Funk couple.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-221\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">220<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Wentscher, Julius<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.9.1881, K\u00f6nigsberg<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Artist painter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-222\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">221<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Wentscher, Tina<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">17.12.1887, Konstantinopel<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sculptor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-223\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">222<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Wessolowski, Anna G.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.4.1875, Culmsee<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Mother of Gertrud Hartwig<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-224\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">223<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Will, Hans J. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">12.7.1916, Berlin<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Cinema manager<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-225\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">224<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">W\u00fcrzburger, Walter E. (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">21.4.1914, Frankfurt\/Main<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-226\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">225<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Yavitch, Miron<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.9.1897, Daugipils<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Publshing editor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-227\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">226<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zentner, Heinrich (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.11.1912, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Chemist, Kurt&#8217;s brother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-228\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">227<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zentner, Leontine<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.12.1910, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-229\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">228<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zentner, Kurt (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">24.9.1919, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Electrical Engineer, Heinrich&#8217;s brother<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-230\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">229<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zeschky, Amalie L.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.7.1916, Haspe-Hagen<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Secretary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-231\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">230<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zipper, Bernhard (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.6.1896, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-232\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">231<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zipper, Klementine <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.2.1900, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-233\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">232<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zipper, Elphine (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.8.1939, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&#8220;Released on parole&#8221;, 3 years old 1942<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-234\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">233<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zipper, Hans (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.9.1925, Vienna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released 7 month before his parents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legend:<\/strong><br>(1) Children who were born in the camp.<br>(2) Children and adolescents born in 1922 or later who were interned in Singapore with their parents.<br>(3) These persons were older than 70 years at the time of internment, i.e. born before 1870.<br>(4) These internees died while in detention.<br>(5) These men joined the Australian Army and served in the 8th Australian Employment Company.<br><br><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>The names of Italians in the Queen Mary internment group.<\/summary>\n<p>This list includes the names of 44 Italian men, women and children who were deported from Singapore to Australia, as well as the five children born to families in this group behind bars.<\/p>\n\n\n<span id=\"tablepress-7_ENG-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-7_ENG\"><\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-7_ENG\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-7_ENG\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-7_ENG-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Name<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Date &amp; Place Of Birth<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bonora Labatto, Maria<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.5.1894, Celebes<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&#8220;Italian by marriage&#8221;, widow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Canapini, Guido (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.1.1913, Fianona<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ships cook, 1942 POW, 1949 naturalized.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Castro, Gaston (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.9.1892, Alexandria<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Bank clerk, Army service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Cerrina-Feroni, Roberto<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">29.4.1901, San Giovanni<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Planter, released 1944.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Cevenini, Guido<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.3.1907, Bologna<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hotel Manager<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">6<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dellanoce, Lelio<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">4.9.1893,  Ponderamo<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Contractor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">7<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dellanoce, Anna<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.9.1901, Ponderamo<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">House wife<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">8<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dellanoce, Lilliane (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.08.1936, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">9<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dellanoce, Nelli (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">13.1.1930, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">10<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dellanoce, Nilda (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.10.1925, Ponderamo<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">11<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ferrari, Gino<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">26.4.1898, Fiorenzoola D&#8217;Arda<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser, released to Melbourne 1941.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">12<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gargiulo, Guiseppe (5)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">16.11.1914, Napoli<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser, 1942-1946 8th Empl. Comp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">13<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Genovese, Mario<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.9.1900, Napoli<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Secretyry of Consulate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">14<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Giorgi, Silvio<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.3.1901, Castelletto di  Branduzzo<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Planter. Released 1946, repatriated 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">15<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Giorgi, Ambrogina<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.12.1910, Gambolo (Pavia)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties. Released 1946, repatriated 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">16<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Giorgi, Marisa (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">23.4.1935, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">School at Echuca, 1941, repatriated 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">17<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Giorgi, Roberta (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.5.1945, Waranga<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">18<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hreglich, Giulio<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">8.10.1904, Lussenficolo<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Shipping assistant, releases 2\/45.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">19<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hreglich, Anna<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.11.1902, Venice<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">20<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hreglich, Giuliano (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.6.1929, Venice<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">was sent to a school in Ballarat from March to June 1941 and returnd three times immediately.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">21<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hreglich, Carla (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.11.1931, Venice<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">School in Echuca from 4\/41. Released 12\/42 &#8220;on parole&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">22<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Interlandi,  Giovanni<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">7.1.1894, Acape<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser, released 1944.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">23<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Interlandi, Marguerita (4)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10.4.1886, Die (France)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Hairdresser, died 25.2.1944 in the camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">24<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Karber, Richard<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.1.1892, Fiume<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Master mariner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">25<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Manfredi, Michael<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15.4.1891, Ancona<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Rubber Planter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">26<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Marsella, Cosimo<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.4.1906, Oria Brindisi<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released 1943.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">27<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Marsella, Phyllis<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">03.04.1919, Tapah, Malaya<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Steno.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">28<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Marsella Ricardo G. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.10.1941, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-30\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">29<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Marsella, Claudia (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2.4.1945, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-31\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">30<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Martelli, Augusto<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">14.9.1900, Florence<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sculptor, released 1946.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-32\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">31<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Martelli, Alma<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">11.9.1900, Florence<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-33\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">32<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Martelli, Marisa (2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.8.1927, Florence<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">School &#8220;Convent of Mercy&#8221; from 1941.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-34\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">33<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Mocenigo, Emilio  (2) (5) (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.6.1922, Istanbul<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Sailor, 1942-1945 8. Emp. Comp. Naturalized 1948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-35\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">34<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Neri, Ezio (5) (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">20.10.1904, Cesena<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Musician, naturalized 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-36\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">35<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Nolli, Rodolfo<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.7.1888, Rivolta s&#8217;Adda<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Building Contractor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-37\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">36<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ottolenghi, Paolo<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">9.2.1914, Genoa<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Jew. Taken off board as ship&#8217;s doctor in Singapore and interned. Released to Ecuador in 1941.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-38\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">37<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pecchioni, Manlio<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.3.1887, Parma<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Engineer (aviation motors) released 1943.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-39\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">38<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pecchioni, Henrietta<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">17.12.1893, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-40\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">39<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reginato, Giovanni B.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">03.03.1902, Canova<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Planter, released 1946.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-41\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">40<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reginato, Ottilia<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">27.11.1907, Gaiarino<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-42\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">41<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reginato, Vincenzo A.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25.05.1940, Singapore<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Released 1946.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-43\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">42<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reginato, Elena G. (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30.1.1942, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp. &#8220;Interned ex hospital&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-44\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">43<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Reginato, Luisa (1)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">7.6.1944, Tatura<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Born in the camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-45\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">44<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sebenico, Reno (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">19.9.1889, Milano<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Mining Engineer, naturalized 1948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-46\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">45<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sebenico, Ermyatrude C. (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">6.12.1896, Ceylon<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Home duties, naturalized<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-47\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">46<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Succi, Vito<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">18.6.1898, Selve Yugoslavia<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Boatswain, taken from a neutral ship. Released in 1946.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-48\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">47<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Tedesco, Mario (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5.11.1911, Capodistria<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ships fireman, Released 1946, naturalized 1948.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-49\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">48<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Xilo, Paolo (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">12.3.1903, Torino<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Merchant, naturalized.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-50\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">49<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Xilo, Hilda (6)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">28.7.1899, Zenica<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Doctor of medicine, naturalized.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legend:<\/strong><br>(1) Children who were born in the camp.<br>(2) Children and young people born in 1922 or later who were interned in Singapore with their parents.<br>(3) These persons were older than 70 years at the time of internment, i.e. born before 1870.<br>(4) These internees died while in detention.<br>(5) These men joined the Australian Army and served in the 8th Australian Employment Company.<br>(6) They later became Australian citizens.<br><br><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Years_behind_barbed_wire\"><\/span>Years behind barbed wire<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As always, there are different official figures in the case of the Queen Mary. In addition to the lists with 223 names of German and Austrian deportees and 44 Italian deportees, there were 15 children born in the camp. <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21670'>At least 185<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[28]  Cf. personal files at NAA.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of the Germans and Austrians were, according to their own statements, Jews &#8211; i.e. refugees. Only two of the Italian deportees were Jews.<br><br>The exact dates and places of birth, occupations and any other information were added to all 282 names in our own research, primarily in digital sources from the National Archive of Australia. When sorting, care was taken to keep the families together, with the husband being named first. Cross-references were added for families with different names. Two names were included due to the Australian entry date of 25.9.1940 on the Queen Mary, as stated by the NAA, although there are currently no digitized files available there that provide evidence of internment.<br><br>The <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21672'>Governor of Singapore<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[29]  Morgenroth\/Pistol loc.cit. Cf. cable of the Singapore Govenor from 20.9.1940 in NAA_ItemNumber6937127 pages\u00a0 7\/8.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> had advised 268 people to come to Australia. A secret report by the Australian <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21675'>Secretary fort he Army Forde<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[30]  Report on the treatment of internees to the government dated 11.11.1941, in NAA_ItemNumber358850, page 4, retrieved on 20.12.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> estimates 272 people (137 men, 95 women, 40 children). The decisive factor, however, is that the \u201cmajority are refugees who were not classified as dangerous by the Singapore administration\u201d, but were unable to stay there \u201cdue to the special circumstances in the Singapore and Penang forts\u201d. Elsewhere, it was self-praisingly noted that 19 children \u201cwere allowed to attend approved schools\u201d &#8211; which were admittedly far away from their parents in Melbourne, among other places.<br><br>The Dunera and Queen Mary Association in turn estimates 232 Jews and 63 Italians and other Germans &#8211; a total of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21678'>295 people<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[31]  Cited in \u201cArt Behind the Wire\u201d, aao.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. This figure probably includes the 16 Italians and two Germans deported from Singapore on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-21680'>two further transports<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[32]  Alan Morgenroth, Rachel Pistol \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.duneraassociation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/No.-109-Dunera-News-Jan-2020.pdf\">The Queen Mary Internees<\/a> \u2013 Facts and Figures\u201c. In Dunera Newsletter No. 109, page 9, \u00a0retrieved 20.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in February and November 1941.<br><br>The total of 267 \u201cpassengers\u201d of the Queen Mary, the 18 who were later deported to Australia and the 15 children born in the camp thus add up to 300 people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong>Our thanks<\/strong> go to Joanne Tapiolas. With the support of the historian from Townsville\/Queensland, we were able to complete our list of names of Queen Mary Italians. Joanne has long been intensively involved with the fates of Italians who were interned or imprisoned by the British in Australia during the Second World War and with compatriots who were arrested in Australia because of their ancestry. Her most recent project is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theduneraitalians.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.theduneraitalians.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Dunera Italians<\/a>, dedicated to \u201c200 men 200 stories\u201d about the survivors of the Arandora Star sinking who were deported to Australia. From the perspective of the Italians, Joanne has compiled a timeline of the events surrounding this group of people and a list of the internment camps where Italian men, women and families were detained.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theduneraitalians.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Dunera_Italians_-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Dunera_Italians_-2.png 168w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Dunera_Italians_-2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 168px) 100vw, 168px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Footnotes\"><\/span>Footnotes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>show<\/summary>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In September 1940, the British deported 267 Germans, Austrians and Italians from Singapore behind Australian barbed wire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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