{"id":20010,"date":"2024-11-13T14:23:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T13:23:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/?p=20010"},"modified":"2024-12-27T11:33:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T10:33:03","slug":"dr-ernst-wasser","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr Ernst Wasser"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.elementor-1602 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5613107{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:space-around;--flex-wrap:wrap;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:60px;--padding-bottom:60px;--padding-left:5px;--padding-right:5px;}.elementor-1602 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data-widget_type=\"loop-carousel.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-1582\">.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-973247a{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:8px 8px;--row-gap:8px;--column-gap:8px;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size );font-weight:var( 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theme-post-featured-image, class: .elementor-element-b2f8aff *\/.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b2f8aff img{\n    aspect-ratio: 1\/1 !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for theme-post-title, class: .elementor-element-97f6239 *\/.menu-pic:hover h4{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239 h4 a{\n    font-family: 'Satoshi' !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239{\n    cursor: pointer;\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239:hover{\n     color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\na{\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11667 post-11667 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hay-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-internment tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-leberecht-dehn-en tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DehnHeinz-bio-rb7ijmicxjt0bxw6h9zu2cz4s8o6z9vivt8v9s0o28.webp\" title=\"DehnHeinz-bio\" alt=\"Heinz Dehn 1974. Foto: J\u00fcrgen Henschel, Familienarchiv Dehn.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/heinz-dehn\/\">Heinz Dehn<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-13287 post-13287 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hildegard-berndt-en tag-holocaust-en tag-lichtenburg-concentration-camp tag-mainz-mayence tag-rosa-luxemburg-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/FranzLebrecht-bio-qgi0ad2u4qi6jspdspp0om8va49qzm9bsrr6lpu6kw.webp\" title=\"FranzLebrecht-bio\" alt=\"FranzLebrecht-bio\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/franz-lebrecht\/\">Franz Lebrecht<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11502 post-11502 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-hannover-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-the-nussbaum-family\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/nussbaum-rb7hq768z9iuvemxb23aiaanazpj0e21660nexncuo.jpg\" title=\"nussbaum\" alt=\"nussbaum\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-nussbaum-family\/\">The Nussbaum family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-8852 post-8852 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-internment tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/kitchener_suchseite-rb7hqaxlqlo05uhgp3pss9choj6zv6gyiomlc1hs5s.jpg\" title=\"kitchener_suchseite\" alt=\"kitchener_suchseite\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/kitchener-camp\/\">Kitchener Camp<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11022 post-11022 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-hannover-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-the-flieder-family\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DehnIda_Beitrag-rb7hbh19wpd4zc0zaoxpg02o9oaif3lf5a2sqvhec0.jpg\" title=\"DehnIda_Beitrag\" alt=\"DehnIda_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ida-dehn\/\">Ida Dehn<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10876 post-10876 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-abraham-flieder-en tag-auschwitz-en tag-hannover-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-polenaktion-en tag-simon-flieder-en tag-zbaszyn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/FliederFamilie-rb7hr0b8v4mqvbglkwoq5kxxpxpwn09pm68paig5hs.jpg\" title=\"FliederFamilie\" alt=\"FliederFamilie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-flieder-family\/\">The Flieder family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10377 post-10377 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-ghetto-riga-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-holocaust-en tag-leberecht-dehn-en tag-theresienstadt-concentration-camp tag-treblinka-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Dehnfamilie-rb7hrdgzit4rduxhg2di4hme1bx1mrpybzdi0dwn2o.jpg\" title=\"Dehnfamilie\" alt=\"Dehnfamilie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-dehn-family\/\">The Dehn family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10201 post-10201 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp tag-singapore tag-universitaet-muenster\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Friedlich-rb7hquo7q4f0xnoshu8yqmd65mhpctnblebseuoij4.jpg\" title=\"Friedlich\" alt=\"Friedlich\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ernst-friedlich\/\">Ernst Friedlich<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10044 post-10044 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-ernst-friedlich-fry-en tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hamburg-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp tag-singapore\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Gottlieb-rb7hqm7o0m3g1612v8lbm6i0t5nefjpqk8gf3d1234.jpg\" title=\"Gottlieb\" alt=\"Gottlieb\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/leon-gottlieb\/\">Leon Gottlieb<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11143 post-11143 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-eric-robert-towers-en tag-erich-tichauer-en tag-exil-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en-2 tag-walter-fuerst-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Tichauer_beitragsbild-rb7hbx0j4vz0gpdrpdud4e1id83r1ycuvh61wktpe8.jpg\" title=\"Tichauer_beitragsbild\" alt=\"Tichauer_beitragsbild\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/erich-tichauer\/\">Erich Tichauer<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10245 post-10245 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-dr-ernst-wasser-en tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-goerlitz-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-kitchener-camp-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fnankenstein-1-rb7hqwjw3shlkvm26v27vlw3ce8fs7us9nmrdelq6o.jpg\" title=\"Fnankenstein\" alt=\"Fnankenstein\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-hans-frankenstein\/\">Dr Hans Frankenstein<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10752 post-10752 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-josef-ganz-en tag-volkswagen-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/ganz-rb7hqn5i7g4qcrzppqzy6o9hejirn8tgwd3wkmznww.jpg\" title=\"ganz\" alt=\"ganz\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/josef-ganz\/\">Josef Ganz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11254 post-11254 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-a-j-storfer-en tag-ernst-platz-en tag-eva-schwarcz-en tag-karl-und-olga-bodan-en tag-mark-siegelberg-en tag-shanghai-12-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/shanghai12-rb7hs3sgu64sexv96dr22azao4bbmamfrln3g4tm8g.jpg\" title=\"shanghai12\" alt=\"shanghai12\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/\">The \u201eShanghai 12\u201c<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11221 post-11221 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-france tag-ginette-rozenfeld-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/rozenfeld-rb7hkl2y5vu7j8sh34qi47ajl5dm1grqqdr98fz00g.jpg\" title=\"rozenfeld\" alt=\"rozenfeld\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ginette-rozenfeld\/\">Ginette Rozenfeld<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20010 post-20010 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-unrra-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/WasserErnst_Beitragsbild-rb7hbyw7ik1l3xb1eenm9dkfjzuhhckbjqh0v4qx1s.jpg\" title=\"WasserErnst_Beitragsbild\" alt=\"WasserErnst_Beitragsbild\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/\">Dr Ernst Wasser<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-18542 post-18542 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biografie category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-georg-chodziesner-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-isle-of-man-en tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2-rb7gapkilz1ewdfdysuzxa1nv5hpd9ncrbj519zpow.jpg\" title=\"ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2\" alt=\"ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/george-chodziesner\/\">George Chodziesner<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-16740 post-16740 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-wolfgang-a-kittel\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Kittel_Beitrag-rb7gwxh65zgfcj5h7wmid66xe1z2bouxhapcfr1ols.png\" title=\"Kittel_Beitrag\" alt=\"Kittel_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wolfgang-kittel\/\">Wolfgang Kittel<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-22118 post-22118 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-harry-jay-en tag-harry-jeidels-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-photography tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/JayHarry_Beitrag-rb7f7obssnlqrc4kwffqvmnjs3vypron2488klva34.jpg\" title=\"JayHarry_Beitrag\" alt=\"JayHarry_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/harry-jay-jeidels\/\">Harry Jay (Jeidels)<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23049 post-23049 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-mv-abosso-en tag-tatura-en tag-the-passenger tag-ulrich-a-boschwitz-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag-rb7eojc3n3ekd5xdnnm7lyioco7wzmpe3e1bss8us0.jpg\" title=\"BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag\" alt=\"BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ulrich-a-boschwitz\/\">Ulrich A. Boschwitz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-24864 post-24864 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-approval category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-internment tag-max-schwarz-en tag-ulrich-laufer-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Beitrag_LauferSchwarz-rb7eccdgzgpnr9mzuvvfrjaexqbi4zaqr1dkokbphs.png\" title=\"Beitrag_LauferSchwarz\" alt=\"Beitrag_LauferSchwarz\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ulrich-laufer-and-max-schwarz\/\">Ulrich Laufer and Max Schwarz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-26753 post-26753 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-kids-interned tag-westernland-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dunera_wire-rb7hfzncr1jqrvgrx585xd1f1c10eqizfmxsrqsafk.jpg\" title=\"dunera_wire\" alt=\"dunera_wire\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-youngest-dunera-boys\/\">The youngest Dunera Boys<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27115 post-27115 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-oldest-internees tag-queen-mary-internees-2\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dunera_wire-rb7hfzncr1jqrvgrx585xd1f1c10eqizfmxsrqsafk.jpg\" title=\"dunera_wire\" alt=\"dunera_wire\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-oldest-dunera-boys\/\">The oldest Dunera Boys<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27437 post-27437 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-internment tag-sgt-snow-white tag-sydney-loder tag-taxi-nach-leipzig\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Lohde_Beitrag-rct6diwfi7ekocjmcorl5j3kz2ialcebah2xtl91ow.png\" title=\"Lohde_Beitrag\" alt=\"Lohde_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/sigurd-sigismund-lohde\/\">Sigurd Sigismund Lohde<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote without-quotes is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A superficial memory connects the author with the paediatrician Dr Ernst Ludwig Wasser. Sometime in the early 1960s, I was probably not even ten years old and once again had a cold. I still don&#8217;t know why my father took me from Steglitz across what was then West Berlin to Dr Ernst Wasser&#8217;s paediatric practice in Zehlendorf. What is clear is that I didn&#8217;t like the long journey in the cold season with multiple changes. I also didn&#8217;t feel particularly comfortable in the overheated waiting room with nagging children. On top of that, I don&#8217;t remember the examination, the diagnosis or the treatment, let alone what the adults may have discussed &#8220;on the side&#8221;. Nevertheless, decades later, my memory brought the paediatrician&#8217;s name back to the surface and the results of my initial research were surprising. However, it is not known where the two met for the first time in their lives.<\/p>\n<cite>Peter Dehn January 2024. Updated December 2024.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">In this article:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#As_a_pediatrician_in_Berlin_and_Schneidemuhl\" >As a pediatrician in Berlin and Schneidem\u00fchl<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#Denunciation_as_a_competitive_weapon\" >Denunciation as a competitive weapon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#As_%E2%80%9Cfifth_column%E2%80%9D_in_British_internment\" >As \u201cfifth column\u201d in British internment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#On_the_Dunera_to_Australia\" >On the Dunera to Australia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#Australia_Behind_barbed_wire_again\" >Australia: Behind barbed wire again<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#With_UNRRA_in_Greece_and_Germany\" >With UNRRA in Greece and Germany<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#After_10_years_of_separation_to_his_family_in_Brazil\" >After 10 years of separation to his family in Brazil<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#Back_in_Berlin\" >Back in Berlin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/#Footnotes\" >Footnotes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"As_a_pediatrician_in_Berlin_and_Schneidemuhl\"><\/span><strong>As a pediatrician in Berlin and Schneidem\u00fchl<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13098'>Ernst Ludwig Wasser<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[1]  Birth entry no. 84 from March 28, 1893.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was born on March 23, 1893 in Z\u00fcllichau (today Sulech\u00f3w, Poland). His parents are the lawyer and notary <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13101'>Albert Wasser<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[2]  Registry office Charlottenburg, death entry no. 563 from Feb 21, 1920.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1857-1920) and <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13104'>Rosa Friedl\u00e4nder<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[3]  Registry office Charlottenburg, death entry no. 1872 from Seo 30, 1914.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1865-1915), who was born in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13111'>Posen<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[4]  Today a neighbourhood of Neustadt\/Orla, Thuringia.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Ernst&#8217;s older sister <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13107'>Elfriede<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[5]  Birth entry no. 164 from Juli 4, 1890.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was born in Z\u00fcllichau on July 2, 1890; she was deported from Berlin to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13117'>Auschwitz<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[6]  Cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mappingthelives.org\/bio\/13e41ff5-0694-4e58-97bb-9deb3fda5cf1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mapping the Lives<\/a> about Elfriede Wasser, retrieved May 12, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on January 29, 1943 and murdered there.<br><br>Ernst Wasser studied medicine in Heidelberg and Berlin from 1913 to 1920. His studies were interrupted by <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13114'>military service<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[7]  Cf. National Archives of Australia (NAA), NAA_ItemNumber9907366.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> for the German Empire from 1914 to 1919. Among other things, he is awarded the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20386'>Iron Cross<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[8]  This medal is still in the family's possession today. Conversation with granddaughter Ursula Welch, 8.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> 1st class. From 1921 to 1923, he was employed as an assistant doctor at the Municipal Children&#8217;s and Mothers&#8217; Home in Berlin-Charlottenburg and in the First Surgical Department of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13122'>Berlin-Westend Hospital.<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[9]  Cf. Information about the Wasser family on www.ancestry.de, retrieved April 18, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> He lived a short distance away at <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13125'>Danckelmannstra\u00dfe 32<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[10]  Adress book Berlin, 1920 edition.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ernst_Annemarie_Wasser.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ernst_Annemarie_Wasser.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ernst_Annemarie_Wasser-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Ernst_Annemarie_Wasser-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dr,&nbsp;<em>Ernst Wasser and his wife Annemarie.<\/em> Source: ancestry.de.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2067\" height=\"1411\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie.jpg 2067w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie-1024x699.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie-768x524.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie-1536x1049.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Familie-2048x1398.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2067px) 100vw, 2067px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dr,&nbsp;<em>Ernst Wasser with wife Annemarie<\/em> and daughters Anne Rose (left) and Brigitte. Photo: Archiv Welch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On September 15, 1921, Ernst Wasser and <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13127'>Annemarie Martina Sochatzky<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[11]  Marriage entry K\u00f6nigstein\/Taunus no. 21 from Sep 15, 1921.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, born on September 27, 1897 in Finsterwalde, married. They had two daughters: <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13130'>Anne Rose<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[12]  Cf. Information about the Wasser family on www.ancestry.de, retrieved April 18, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was born on August 17, 1922 in Berlin, where she died on March 4, 2012. <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13133'>Brigitte<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[13]  Ibid.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was born on January 14, 1924 in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13141'>Schneidem\u00fchl<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[14]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pi%C5%82a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pila<\/a>, retrieved May 15, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (today Pi\u0142a, Poland); she died in Brazil in 2010. After their wedding, Annemarie and Ernst moved to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13136'>K\u00f6nigsweg 11<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[15]  White pages Berlin 1921 edition.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (today Wundtstra\u00dfe).<br><br>In 1923, Dr. Wasser is licensed as a specialist in paediatrics and founds a specialist paediatric practice in Schneidem\u00fchl then the capital of the Posen-West Prussian province. According to contemporary witnesses, the practice is located on the second floor of the house on the corner of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13148'>Zeughaus and Posener Stra\u00dfe<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[16]  Cf.<a href=\"http:\/\/new.tmmp.pila.pl\/wspomnienia-relacje\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Charlotte Rink<\/a> on Pila.pl, retrieved May 12, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (today Maja and Sr\u00f3dmiejska).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1936, targeted personal racist persecution began against Dr. Wasser and his family. The Gestapo carried out house searches and confiscated the patient files. Dr. Wasser&#8217;s Protestant wife Annemarie was also interrogated. However, she refuses to sign a &#8220;protocol&#8221; that would have seriously incriminated her husband. As a result, the Gestapo took him into &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13152'>Schutzhaft<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[17]  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mappingthelives.org\/bio\/0bbbe300-80af-4710-99ae-215e76fad2cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mapping the Lives<\/a> about Ernst Wasser, retrieved May 12, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; (protective custody) from July 1 to October 31, 1936 for alleged &#8220;preparation for high treason&#8221;. A distant relative and Nazi helped to get the pediatrician out of there, the relatives report. However, this was done in return for an express promise never to contact him again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Denunciation_as_a_competitive_weapon\"><\/span><strong>Denunciation as a competitive weapon<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Wasser is not a devout Jew, reports granddaughter Ursula Welch. However, the Nazis were not interested in this. Under Nazi injustice, his daughters are considered half-Jewish. Tens of thousands whose Jewish origins they claimed were expelled from Germany. Their property is expropriated to finance the planned war.<br><br>The family assumes that Schneidem\u00fchl&#8217;s only other (and &#8220;Aryan&#8221;) pediatrician wanted to force his Jewish competitor out of business. By denouncing him, the latter may have ensured that the Gestapo banned Ernst Wasser from practicing his profession on May 11, 1938. The Gestapo, &#8220;in its efforts to prohibit my grandfather from practising, was also supported by the only {sic!] Schneidem\u00fchl&#8217;s only pediatrician colleague&#8221;. Nevertheless, many families continued to show their trust in Dr. Wasser. They sought advice and help for their children from him &#8211; now in complete secrecy &#8220;disguised as a visit or late at night so as not to be seen&#8221;, according to the DGKJ publication.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_HausSchneidemuehl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19047 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_HausSchneidemuehl.jpg 800w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_HausSchneidemuehl-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_HausSchneidemuehl-768x560.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Wassers&#8217; home in Schneidem\u00fchl, Albrechtstrasse 27 (today: Ul. Stefana Okrzei) was also the location of his practice.\nPhoto: Welch archive.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next stage of Dr. Wasser&#8217;s life is his stay at the Jewish institution <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13155'>Landwerk Neuendorf<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[18]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landwerk_Neuendorf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Landwerk Neuendorf<\/a>, retrieved May 12, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> near F\u00fcrstenwalde, east of Berlin. In this &#8220;Hachshara&#8221; camp, Jewish youths are trained in agricultural work to prepare them for life in Palestine. Later, the future TV entertainer Hans Rosenthal and the singer Esther Bejarano also lived there. The SS raided the school in November 1938. In the course of the mass arrests of Jews shortly after the pogroms of November 8 and 9, 1938 they <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13158'>deported staff and pupils<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[19]  <a href=\"https:\/\/geschichte-hat-zukunft.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gutshof mit Geschichte<\/a>, retrieved June 17, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> to Sachsenhausen concentration camp as <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/?p=16216\">Aktionsjude<\/a>.&nbsp;Ernst Wasser was imprisoned there until December 20, 1938 with the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13160'>prisoner number 12246<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[20]  Mail of Sachsenhausen memorial to P. Dehn, from July 7, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and in the &#8220;Jew&#8221; category in hut 40.<br><br>Faced with the impossibility of earning a living for himself and his family and the general climate of threat against Jews, the Wasser family tried to emigrate to Brazil. Annemarie and daughters Brigitte and Anne Rose are not Jewish; they obtain visas for Brazil and leave Nazi Germany in April 1939. Ernst Ludwig Wasser is branded a Jew by the &#8220;J&#8221; stamp in his passport and Brazil refuses him entry. Were Jews not wanted there? Ernst Wasser&#8217;s last known German address was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13163'>Am Hegewinkel 108<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[21]  Mapping the Lives loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the Berlin district of Zehlendorf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"As_%E2%80%9Cfifth_column%E2%80%9D_in_British_internment\"><\/span>As \u201cfifth column\u201d in British internment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden&#8221; enabled around 2,500 out of 10,000 applicants to leave the country. This enabled men to escape to England who were considered to be particularly at risk due to imprisonment in a concentration camp and the forced departure associated with their release. The use and operation of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13270'>Kitchener Camp<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[22]  For the background and history of the Kitchener Camp, see Clare Ungerson \"Four Thousand Lives. The Rescue of German Jewish Men to Britain, 1939\". The History Press, Cheltenham 20014\/2019.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> near Richborough in the county of Kent is financed exclusively from donations collected by Jewish organizations after the pogrom night. It is intended as a transit camp &#8211; because many refugees want to travel on to relatives or friends in other countries, but need time and accommodation to obtain visas etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"669\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Wasser_Homeoffice.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Wasser_Homeoffice.png 669w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Wasser_Homeoffice-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">British index card for Dr. Wasser with the classification in the category \u201cC\u201d. Source: ancestry.de.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ernst Wasser arrives in Dover on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13169'>May 23, 1939<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[23]  Route sheet of the German Jewish Aid Committee for Dr. Wasser.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and travels on to Kitchener Camp, around 24 km to the north. On October 11, 1939, the domestic intelligence service MI5 has <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13176'>Exempted &#8216;C&#039;&#8221;<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[24]  Index Card of Home Office via ancestry.de.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> noted on his file card. Dr. Wasser is thus recognized as a refugee and Nazi victim and exempt from internment measures.<br><br>The camp is located near the exit of the English Channel into the North Sea and close to the coast. Due to the feared attack on England by the Nazi Wehrmacht following the defeat of France, it took on a new strategic importance for the British military. From May until July 1940, the internees were therefore transferred to other camps. The military took over Kitchener Camp in excellent condition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ernst Wasser, <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/heinz-dehn\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11667\">Heinz Dehn<\/a> und 600 other internees are distributed to several camps on the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13179'>Isle of Man<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[25]  Heinz Dehn in the compensation proceedings before the Landgericht Berlin, file no. 191.0 (Entsch.) 421\/74.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Many refugees are held captive behind barbed wire and in houses &#8220;furnished&#8221; only with straw sacks. Tens of thousands of refugees who escaped the Nazis as Jews or political opponents are now insulted in England &#8211; including by the new Prime Minister Winston Churchill &#8211; as a potential &#8220;5th column of Hitler&#8221;. Britain wants to get rid of them and deports more than 11,000 men <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12689\">overseas<\/a>. Canada and Australia are <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13182'>paid to house<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[26]  Cf. Paul R. Bartrop, Gabrielle Eisen \u201eThe Dunera Affair\u201c, Melbourne 1990. Chapter 1 documents numerous documents on the negotiations with Australia.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> internees and prisoners of war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-c8108a87 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><style>.elementor-20445 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7e77b3ec{--display:flex;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"20445\" class=\"elementor elementor-20445 elementor-19117\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e77b3ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e77b3ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b006fe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-media_audio\" data-id=\"b006fe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-media_audio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Anne Rose Wasser reads from letters<\/h5><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-20010-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/241218_Wasser_Kassette_Ausschnitt1.mp3?_=1\" \/><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/241218_Wasser_Kassette_Ausschnitt1.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/241218_Wasser_Kassette_Ausschnitt1.mp3\">https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/241218_Wasser_Kassette_Ausschnitt1.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n<style>.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-7e77b3ec{--display:flex;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-top{animation-duration:300ms;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-left{animation-duration:300ms;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-bottom{animation-duration:300ms;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-right{animation-duration:300ms;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip{width:100%;color:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);border-style:none;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip a{color:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover{color:#212121;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover a{color:#212121;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip:hover svg{fill:#212121;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text{width:200%;max-width:200%;background-color:var( --e-global-color-f807cbc );color:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );box-shadow:5px 5px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text:after{border-width:5px;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-left::after{top:calc( 50% - 5px );}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-right::after{top:calc( 50% - 5px );}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-top::after{left:calc( 50% - 5px );}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-bottom::after{left:calc( 50% - 5px );}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-top:after{border-top-color:#555;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-bottom:after{border-bottom-color:#555;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-left:after{border-left-color:#555;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c .eael-tooltip .eael-tooltip-text.eael-tooltip-right:after{border-right-color:#555;}.elementor-20350 .elementor-element.elementor-element-70a2e5c{width:100%;max-width:100%;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"20350\" class=\"elementor elementor-20350\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e77b3ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e77b3ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70a2e5c eael-tooltip-align-center elementor-widget__width-inherit eael-tooltip-text-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-tooltip\" data-id=\"70a2e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-tooltip.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-tooltip\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"eael-tooltip-content\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-describedby=\"tooltip-text-70a2e5c\"><p>Hover your cursor here to see English translation!<\/p><\/span>\n  \t\t\t<span id=\"tooltip-text-70a2e5c\" class=\"eael-tooltip-text eael-tooltip-left\" role=\"tooltip\"><p>[\u2026] Sao Paolo Caixa Postal 1451<br \/>Yours sincerely, Anne.<br \/>31.8.<br \/>Dear all, Yesterday I received a short message from an association in Rio de Janeiro that he (Ludwig, red) had landed in Australia and is healthy.<br \/>I heard this with one dry eye and one wet eye, happy that he survived the long sea voyage in one piece, disappointed that he came to Australia instead of Canada. But what good is disappointment?<br \/>Would you be so kind as to let Father Udo know where Ernst is now, in case he needs to give other instructions regarding the visa. I haven&#8217;t been able to get an address yet.<br \/>But the relevant authorities over there certainly know where the refugee transports have been directed. Who knows how long it will take before I get a reliable address from Ernst? I should try to write to him via this Jewish association and our local acquaintance, who has connections to a pastor in Australia, gives me his address for an airmail letter to Ernst. So that he can try to send it to the camps there.<br \/>Unfortunately, I still don&#8217;t know the date of his arrival. When will the world come to rest? I can&#8217;t even imagine that Dad will be able to come here from there during the war, even with a visa.<br \/>It would have been much easier from Canada and North America.<br \/>With great haste, Anne.<\/p><\/span>\n  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\"><em>After her emigration, Annemarie Wasser kept up a lively correspondence with family and friends. She received many letters back later. Her daughter Anne Rose Wasser read them onto cassette tapes.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_the_Dunera_to_Australia\"><\/span>On the Dunera to Australia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like many of his comrades from the Isle of Man camps, Dr. Wasser would like to make the crossing to Canada. There, he hoped for help from friends and relatives to join his family in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20393'>Brazil<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[27]  Talk to Ursula Welch, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/dunera1940.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/dunera1940.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/dunera1940-300x211.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The internees endured 57 days of horror at HMT Dunera. Source: Australian War Memorial No. 303219.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On July 10, 1940, the HMT Dunera (HMT = Hired Military Transporter) is sent on its journey from Liverpool to its destination, which is concealed from the internees. The steamer, licensed as a troop transporter for 1,167 men, is completely overloaded with more than 2,500 internees and prisoners of war, 300 guards and the crew. The disappointment of many prisoners is great when they realize in tropical waters that Australia is the destination. It was the last of the <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2\/\">five deportation ships<\/a> &#8211; and the only one bound for Australia. <br><br>During the 57-day crossing, the Nazi victims were systematically robbed of their valuables by the guards and officers, and their luggage and documents were destroyed. The sanitary conditions are indescribable. There was harassment and anti-Semitic attacks. While still in the Irish Sea, the unprotected <em>Dunera<\/em> is attacked by a German submarine; fortunately, the two torpedoes do not explode.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The internees do their utmost not to give up in this horror and to cheer each other up. Dr Wasser takes care of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13185'>16-year-old Fritz Sternhell<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[28]  Christine Kanzler, Elisabeth Lebensaft in Australian newspapers, July 2021. Quoted from \"Dunera News\" Nr. 111, page 8.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1924 &#8211; 2020). The boy from Vienna had escaped the Nazis on a Kindertransport in May 1939. In England, he was denied access to school. He was fired when he campaigned for better working conditions in a leather factory. In May 1940, he found himself behind barbed wire in the Huyton camp and later on the Isle of Man. From Canada, he hoped to make contact with his brothers in the US. However, he was turned away at the gangway of the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12555\">SS Sobieski<\/a> <\/em>&#8211; ironicly &#8211; <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13188'>due to overcrowding<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[29]  The <em>Sobieski<\/em>, licensed for 940 passengers and 260 seamen, set sail for Canada from Liverpool on July 7, 1940 with 1,828 internees. The <em>Duchess of York<\/em>, the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> and the <em>Ettrick<\/em> were also overcrowded, in some cases by more than double.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Now, on the no less overcrowded <em><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-duneras-journeypart-1\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"9322\">Dunera<\/a><\/em>, Ernst Wasser helps the teenager to survive the horror of this journey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Australia_Behind_barbed_wire_again\"><\/span><strong>Australia<\/strong>: <strong>Behind barbed wire <\/strong>again<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Australians are told that the ship is full of enemy Nazis. After two months of deprivation, the men are portrayed in a correspondingly derogatory manner by the press, without them being able to talk to even one internee. Ernst Wasser and his fellow sufferers are locked away in the Hay camp (New South Wales) behind triple barbed wire at England&#8217;s expense. From mid-1941, the internees were sent to a camp near Tatura (Victoria). There, too, Dr Wasser stood by the young man as a surrogate father until <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13193'>Fritz Sternhell<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[30]  Cf. file card Fritz Sternhell, NAA_ItemNumber8618440.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was released to England in July 1942.<br><br>As early as August 1940, the events on the <em>Dunera<\/em>, the previous sinking of the internment ship <em>Arandora Star<\/em> and the deportation policy were critically discussed in the House of Commons and by the British public. Churchill now calls the deportations a &#8220;regrettable mistake&#8221;, but does not try too hard to help the internees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In June 1941, the first group of internees was released; the men enlisted in the British engineer troops. It was not until 1942 that the Australian internment camps were largely disbanded. Those of the internees who wanted to stay on the 5th continent were allowed to &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13197'>voluntarily<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[31]  The fact that the internees were \"permitted to volunteer\" is documented by notes from the Australian General-Adjudant dated March 29, 1946 in NAA_ItemNumber4938132, sheet 28, number d.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; join the Australian army. The 8th Employment Company is formed exclusively from around 500 Jewish ex-interns. They are not allowed to serve with weapons.<br><br>Their most important place of work is Albury station, where military and civilian goods have to be transferred between trains of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13200'>different gauges<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[32]  The railways of the neighbouring states New South Wales and Victoria had different track gauges. Albury was the largest transhipment station in Australia.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Ernst Wasser served in this unit from September 24, 1942 and was discharged on June 19, 1945 with the rank of corporal as &#8220;medically unfit&#8221;. The <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13203'>personnel form<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[33]  Discharge documents Ernst Wasser, NAA_ItemNumber6244575, page 5.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> attests to his depressive symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"777\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_8AEC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19045\" style=\"width:306px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_8AEC.png 600w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_8AEC-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">Ernst Wasser in the uniform of a corporal of the 8th Australian Employment Company.\nPhoto: Welch archive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"With_UNRRA_in_Greece_and_Germany\"><\/span><strong>With UNRRA in Greece and Germany<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">At the beginning of 1945, Australia&#8217;s government had refused deliveries to UNRRA due to its own obligations. The \u201cQueensland Times\u201d quoted a state functionary on the front page of February 21, 1945 as saying that \u201cmore supplies are available than can be shipped\u201d to the European countries requiring assistance. This made the commitment of Australians who were willing to help in a devastated Europe all the more important. Outtake: Welch archive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"698\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ausriss-698x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ausriss-698x1024.png 698w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ausriss-205x300.png 205w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ausriss-768x1126.png 768w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ausriss-1048x1536.png 1048w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ausriss.png 1255w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During his time in the army, Dr Wasser tried in vain to obtain a license to practice medicine in Australia. Family members report that the authorities justify their refusal on the grounds of his inadequate language skills. Meanwhile, the United Jewish Overseas Relief Fund in Victoria is looking for doctors to join teams to care for displaced persons (DPs) in Europe until these stranded people can be brought back to their home countries. Volunteer teams of doctors, medical staff and social workers are to work for the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13206'>United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[34]  UNRRA, founded in 1943 by 44 countries, looks after \"Displaced Persons\" (DP) - people who were deported to Germany by the Nazis from their home countries as forced laborers, concentration camp prisoners or prisoners of war. Up to 11 million of these stranded people were cared for and looked after in more than 700 camps at times until they could be repatriated to their home countries.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (UNRRA).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13209'>internal UNRRA letter<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[35]  UNRRA-Archives, no. \u00a0S-1373-0000-0019, page 86.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> dated December 31, 1945 names Dr Ernst Wasser as the head of a Jewish-Australian team of eight employees for the mission in the port city of Volos, around 170 kilometers north of Athens. His deputy and head of organization, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13212'>Theodor Wolff<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[36]  Cf. file Theodor Wolff, NAA_ItemNumber9907457.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, had also come to Australia via the Kitchener Camp and the <em>Dunera<\/em>, just like Dr. Wasser.<br><br>Documents in the UNRRA archives show that Ernst Wasser had to fight for at least some of the pay and benefits contractually promised to him and the other volunteers and for<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13214'> equal treatment<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[37]  Cf. UNRRA-Archives, no. S-1174-0000-0179-0001, S-1267-0000-0352, S-1381-0000-0041, S-1523-0000-0025.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> with other groups. An <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13218'>UNRRA memo<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[38]  Cf. UNRRA-Archives, no. S-1381-0000-0041, pg 56.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of June 13, 1946 shows that Dr Wasser&#8217;s group was actually prepared for a mission in Germany, but not for the different kind of work in Greece. The team was not satisfied with this situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">A doctor also has to deal with this: the car is stuck in the mud.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_UNRRA-692x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18835\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_UNRRA-692x1024.jpg 692w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_UNRRA-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_UNRRA-768x1136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_UNRRA.jpg 808w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a letter to his superiors on May 8, 1946, he even threatened that his team would &#8220;refuse to work in this region and return to Athens&#8221; if the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13222'>status<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[39]  Dr. Wasser, letter from May 8, 1946, UNRRA-Archives, no. S-1381-0000-0041, pg 21.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was not clarified. He had asked the Australian dispatchers to research possible assignments in Germany. The UNRRA head for Greece regrets losing the team, but does not want to stand in the way of transferring the group to Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"613\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/wasser_mhm366-79.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3084\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/wasser_mhm366-79.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/wasser_mhm366-79-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/wasser_mhm366-79-768x471.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dr. Wasser as obstetrician in the Pocking DP camp.\nCourtesy of the Melbourne Holocaust Museum (image no. 36679).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr Wasser and six members of his group travel first to Paris on September 3, 1946 and then on to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13226'>Heidelberg<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[40]  Cf. travel expense report, UNRRA-Archives, no. S-1523-0000-0025, pg 79f.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on September 23, 1946 . The Australian group is now listed as UNRRA Team 160 and deployed in the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13229'>Pocking DP camp<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[41]  Jewish DP-Camps in Germany, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.after-the-shoah.org\/pocking-juedisches-dp-lager-jewish-dp-camp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pocking<\/a> page (German), retrieved May 8, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> south of Passau (Bavaria) . This second largest DP camp in Germany, with over 7,600 people, was located on the site of the former Kirchham satellite camp of the Flossenb\u00fcrg concentration camp. Another <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13233'>internal UNRRA letter<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[42]  UNRRA-Archives, no. S-1523-0000-0025, pg 104 und S-1381-0000-0041, pg 10.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> shows that the deployment of Team 160 ended in March 1947. However, the UNRRA documents on the Dr Wasser group do not reveal anything about the group&#8217;s specific tasks or the assessment of its performance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As one of the two Germans in the team, Dr. Wasser remains in Germany. According to his family, he worked for the US military government&#8217;s Medical Director for Germany as head of the children&#8217;s health service from mid-1947. His duties included instructing the DP camps and the pediatricians, advising those working in childcare and communicating between the German doctors and the US military government. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"After_10_years_of_separation_to_his_family_in_Brazil\"><\/span>After 10 years of separation to his family in Brazil<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Wasser&#8217;s granddaughter Ursula explains why the family chose Brazil as their home in exile and settled in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20400'>Rol\u00e2ndia<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[43]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rol%C3%A2ndia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rol\u00e2ndia<\/a> (German), retrieved on 9.11.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a town founded by German emigrants in the state of Paran\u00e1, almost 600 kilometers west of Sao Paulo: The <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20404'>Koch-Weser<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[44]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erich_Koch-Weser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erich Koch-Weser<\/a> (1875 - 1944). The lawyer and former left-wing liberal Reich minister was forced out of his job by the Nazis in 1933 because of his Jewish mother. At the end of 1933, he moved with his family to Rol\u00e2ndia, a town founded by Germans.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> family known to the Wassers had already fled to Rol\u00e2ndia from the Nazis in 1933. Irma Koch-Weser had advised Annemarie Wasser to buy so-called <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20064'>land certificates<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[45]  The land certificates issued by an English settlement company probably also helped Jewish refugees to avoid the \u201cReich Refugee Tax\u201d and other extortionate demands for money by the Nazis. Cf. film info \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.film.at\/flucht_in_den_dschungel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flucht in den Dschungel<\/a>\" (Escape to the jungle), retrieved on Nov 9, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. This enabled them to prove land ownership, which made it easier to obtain a visa. The papers are later exchanged for a piece of virgin forest or farmland.<br><br>Annemarie and her daughters have lived there since 1939. Annemarie Wasser works as a domestic and agricultural employee. The daughters have since married; their families have children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ernst Wasser continues to make efforts to enter Brazil. In October 1948, he finally received <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13236'>permission<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[46]  Military mission of Brazil in Germany, residence permit for Ernst Wasser dated 14.10.1948.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> for permanent residence. After almost ten years of separation, he travels to reunite with his wife Annemarie and daughters Brigitte and Anne Rose. The grandchildren born in Rol\u00e2ndia, including Anne Rose&#8217;s three-year-old daughter Ursula, are also eagerly awaiting his arrival.<br><br>At the time, Rol\u00e2ndia consisted of scattered and sometimes remote houses. For the children, the jungle with its noises and despite its many dangers is an adventure playground, Ursula remembers. They grew up with animals. Many neighbors can only be reached via footpaths and on horseback.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Brasilien01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19051\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Brasilien01.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Brasilien01-300x258.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Brasilien02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Brasilien02.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/WasserErnst_Brasilien02-300x258.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">Left: On the road with a carriage at Rolandia: Dr. Wasser with daughter Anne Rose and grandson. Right: Taking a break while working in the fields: Dr. Wasser and a son-in-law. Photos: Welch archive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Wasser is not officially allowed to practice in Rol\u00e2ndia either. However, he is happy to be on hand when a competent medical assistant is needed &#8211; for example during births. Anne Rose and Brigitte occasionally lend him a hand. However, it proves difficult to finance their living expenses from the farm. Dr. Wasser and his wife decide to return to Germany. Anne Rose and her family follow years later. Brigitte stays in Brazil, where she marries. Her six daughters found their future there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-bottom\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"915\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/WasserErnst_familie.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18195 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/WasserErnst_familie.jpg 720w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/WasserErnst_familie-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr Ernst Wasser, ca. 1968, photo: Welch archive.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back_in_Berlin\"><\/span>Back in Berlin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cDespite everything, he is a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20408'>friend of Germany<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[47]  Talk to U. Welch loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d and also puts up with tough debates with Jewish friends who do not want to set foot on German soil again at any price, Ursula recalls. <br><br>The Wasser couple returned to Germany in 1958. Dr. Wasser, already of retirement age, opened his paediatric practice in the West Berlin district of Onkel Toms H\u00fctte (in today&#8217;s Steglitz Zehlendorf district) in the terraced house at Am Fuchspass number 4, which he ran until his final retirement in 1965. He also supports the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-20049'>Pastor-Braune-Haus<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[48]  Homepage <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ejf.de\/einrichtungen\/behindertenhilfe\/pastor-braune-haus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pastor-Brauine-Haus<\/a> (German), retrieved May 15, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a home for disabled children in the Lankwitz district. From 1967, the West Berlin telephone directory lists a residential address in the Sch\u00f6neberg district.<br><br>Dr. Ernst Ludwig Wasser dies in Berlin on October 4, 1969. His wife Annemarie dies on August 28, 1982. They are survived by two daughters, nine grandchildren and their families.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr Wasser&#8217;s fate is an example of the catastrophic losses caused by the National Socialist persecution of Jewish intellectuals. &#8220;More than half of the doctors working as paediatricians in 1933 were affected; the regime took away their profession, title, environment, dignity and, for many, their lives,&#8221; writes medical historian <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13241'>Prof. Dr phil. Eduard Seidler<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[49]  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dgkj.de\/die-gesellschaft\/geschichte\/juedische-kinderaerztinnen-und-aerzte-1933-1945\/eduard-seidler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Eduard Seidler<\/a>, preface for \"J\u00fcdische Kinder\u00e4rzte 1933 \u2013 1945. Entrechtet \u2013 geflohen -ermordet\", Freiburg 2014, retrieved April 23, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. In 2000, he published the documentation &#8220;J\u00fcdische Kinder\u00e4rzte 1933 \u2013 1945. Entrechtet \u2013 geflohen \u2013 ermordet&#8221; (Jewish pediatricians 1933 &#8211; 1945. Deprived of their rights &#8211; fled \u2013 murdered). The German Society for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ) maintains an <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-13244'>online database<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[50]  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dgkj.de\/die-gesellschaft\/geschichte\/juedische-kinderaerztinnen-und-aerzte-1933-1945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Database of the DGKJ<\/a> with around 800 names of persecuted Jewish paediatricians.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> with information about the persecuted and murdered pediatricians. The entry there for Dr Wasser and the information that he too &#8211; like the author&#8217;s father &#8211; was a <em>Dunera Boy<\/em> inspired this article. Research in this database led to another Jewish paediatrician and <em>Dunera Boy<\/em>: <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-hans-frankenstein\/\" data-type=\"post_tag\" data-id=\"208\">Dr Hans Frankenstein<\/a> from G\u00f6rlitz also came to the Australian internment camps via the Kitchener Camp and with the Dunera.<br><br><strong>Please Note:<\/strong> This article was originally based on Dr. Wasser&#8217;s biography from the DGKJ project mentioned above and further research. At the end of 2024, the text was expanded with a lot of information about the family, which Dr. Wasser&#8217;s granddaughter Ursula Welch shared. She also provided extensive photographic material and an audio file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Footnotes\"><\/span>Footnotes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>show<\/summary>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Escape, exile and return of a paediatrician.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8552,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[189,208,206,198,197,318],"class_list":["post-20010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biography","tag-australia","tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en","tag-exil-en","tag-hmt-dunera-en","tag-holocaust-en","tag-unrra-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20010"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20010\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}