{"id":18542,"date":"2024-11-29T10:50:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-29T09:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/?p=18542"},"modified":"2025-12-09T17:41:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T16:41:49","slug":"george-chodziesner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/george-chodziesner\/","title":{"rendered":"George Chodziesner"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.elementor-1602 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5613107{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:space-around;--flex-wrap:wrap;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:60px;--padding-bottom:60px;--padding-left:5px;--padding-right:5px;}.elementor-1602 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data-widget_type=\"loop-carousel.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-1582\">.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-973247a{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:8px 8px;--row-gap:8px;--column-gap:8px;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size );font-weight:var( 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theme-post-featured-image, class: .elementor-element-b2f8aff *\/.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b2f8aff img{\n    aspect-ratio: 1\/1 !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for theme-post-title, class: .elementor-element-97f6239 *\/.menu-pic:hover h4{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239 h4 a{\n    font-family: 'Satoshi' !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239{\n    cursor: pointer;\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239:hover{\n     color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\na{\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11667 post-11667 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hay-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-internment tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-leberecht-dehn-en tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DehnHeinz-bio-rb7ijmicxjt0bxw6h9zu2cz4s8o6z9vivt8v9s0o28.webp\" title=\"DehnHeinz-bio\" alt=\"Heinz Dehn 1974. Foto: J\u00fcrgen Henschel, Familienarchiv Dehn.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/heinz-dehn\/\">Heinz Dehn<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-13287 post-13287 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hildegard-berndt-en tag-holocaust-en tag-lichtenburg-concentration-camp tag-mainz-mayence tag-rosa-luxemburg-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/FranzLebrecht-bio-qgi0ad2u4qi6jspdspp0om8va49qzm9bsrr6lpu6kw.webp\" title=\"FranzLebrecht-bio\" alt=\"FranzLebrecht-bio\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/franz-lebrecht\/\">Franz Lebrecht<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11502 post-11502 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-hannover-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-the-nussbaum-family\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/nussbaum-rb7hq768z9iuvemxb23aiaanazpj0e21660nexncuo.jpg\" title=\"nussbaum\" alt=\"nussbaum\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-nussbaum-family\/\">The Nussbaum family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-8852 post-8852 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-internment tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/kitchener_suchseite-rb7hqaxlqlo05uhgp3pss9choj6zv6gyiomlc1hs5s.jpg\" title=\"kitchener_suchseite\" alt=\"kitchener_suchseite\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/kitchener-camp\/\">Kitchener Camp<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11022 post-11022 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-hannover-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-the-flieder-family\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DehnIda_Beitrag-rb7hbh19wpd4zc0zaoxpg02o9oaif3lf5a2sqvhec0.jpg\" title=\"DehnIda_Beitrag\" alt=\"DehnIda_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ida-dehn\/\">Ida Dehn<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10876 post-10876 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-abraham-flieder-en tag-auschwitz-en tag-hannover-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-polenaktion-en tag-simon-flieder-en tag-zbaszyn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/FliederFamilie-rb7hr0b8v4mqvbglkwoq5kxxpxpwn09pm68paig5hs.jpg\" title=\"FliederFamilie\" alt=\"FliederFamilie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-flieder-family\/\">The Flieder family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10377 post-10377 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-ghetto-riga-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-holocaust-en tag-leberecht-dehn-en tag-theresienstadt-concentration-camp tag-treblinka-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Dehnfamilie-rb7hrdgzit4rduxhg2di4hme1bx1mrpybzdi0dwn2o.jpg\" title=\"Dehnfamilie\" alt=\"Dehnfamilie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-dehn-family\/\">The Dehn family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10201 post-10201 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp tag-singapore tag-universitaet-muenster\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Friedlich-rb7hquo7q4f0xnoshu8yqmd65mhpctnblebseuoij4.jpg\" title=\"Friedlich\" alt=\"Friedlich\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ernst-friedlich\/\">Ernst Friedlich<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10044 post-10044 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-ernst-friedlich-fry-en tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hamburg-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp tag-singapore\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Gottlieb-rb7hqm7o0m3g1612v8lbm6i0t5nefjpqk8gf3d1234.jpg\" title=\"Gottlieb\" alt=\"Gottlieb\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/leon-gottlieb\/\">Leon Gottlieb<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11143 post-11143 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-eric-robert-towers-en tag-erich-tichauer-en tag-exil-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en-2 tag-walter-fuerst-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Tichauer_beitragsbild-rb7hbx0j4vz0gpdrpdud4e1id83r1ycuvh61wktpe8.jpg\" title=\"Tichauer_beitragsbild\" alt=\"Tichauer_beitragsbild\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/erich-tichauer\/\">Erich Tichauer<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10245 post-10245 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-dr-ernst-wasser-en tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-goerlitz-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-kitchener-camp-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fnankenstein-1-rb7hqwjw3shlkvm26v27vlw3ce8fs7us9nmrdelq6o.jpg\" title=\"Fnankenstein\" alt=\"Fnankenstein\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-hans-frankenstein\/\">Dr Hans Frankenstein<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10752 post-10752 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-josef-ganz-en tag-volkswagen-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/ganz-rb7hqn5i7g4qcrzppqzy6o9hejirn8tgwd3wkmznww.jpg\" title=\"ganz\" alt=\"ganz\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/josef-ganz\/\">Josef Ganz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11254 post-11254 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-a-j-storfer-en tag-ernst-platz-en tag-eva-schwarcz-en tag-karl-und-olga-bodan-en tag-mark-siegelberg-en tag-shanghai-12-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/shanghai12-rb7hs3sgu64sexv96dr22azao4bbmamfrln3g4tm8g.jpg\" title=\"shanghai12\" alt=\"shanghai12\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/\">The \u201eShanghai 12\u201c<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11221 post-11221 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-france tag-ginette-rozenfeld-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/rozenfeld-rb7hkl2y5vu7j8sh34qi47ajl5dm1grqqdr98fz00g.jpg\" title=\"rozenfeld\" alt=\"rozenfeld\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ginette-rozenfeld\/\">Ginette Rozenfeld<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20010 post-20010 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-unrra-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/WasserErnst_Beitragsbild-rb7hbyw7ik1l3xb1eenm9dkfjzuhhckbjqh0v4qx1s.jpg\" title=\"WasserErnst_Beitragsbild\" alt=\"WasserErnst_Beitragsbild\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/\">Dr Ernst Wasser<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-18542 post-18542 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biografie category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-georg-chodziesner-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-isle-of-man-en tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2-rb7gapkilz1ewdfdysuzxa1nv5hpd9ncrbj519zpow.jpg\" title=\"ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2\" alt=\"ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/george-chodziesner\/\">George Chodziesner<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-16740 post-16740 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-wolfgang-a-kittel\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Kittel_Beitrag-rb7gwxh65zgfcj5h7wmid66xe1z2bouxhapcfr1ols.png\" title=\"Kittel_Beitrag\" alt=\"Kittel_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wolfgang-kittel\/\">Wolfgang Kittel<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-22118 post-22118 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-harry-jay-en tag-harry-jeidels-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-photography tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/JayHarry_Beitrag-rb7f7obssnlqrc4kwffqvmnjs3vypron2488klva34.jpg\" title=\"JayHarry_Beitrag\" alt=\"JayHarry_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/harry-jay-jeidels\/\">Harry Jay (Jeidels)<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23049 post-23049 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-mv-abosso-en tag-tatura-en tag-the-passenger tag-ulrich-a-boschwitz-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag-rb7eojc3n3ekd5xdnnm7lyioco7wzmpe3e1bss8us0.jpg\" title=\"BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag\" alt=\"BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ulrich-a-boschwitz\/\">Ulrich A. Boschwitz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-24864 post-24864 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-approval category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-internment tag-max-schwarz-en tag-ulrich-laufer-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Beitrag_LauferSchwarz-rb7eccdgzgpnr9mzuvvfrjaexqbi4zaqr1dkokbphs.png\" title=\"Beitrag_LauferSchwarz\" alt=\"Beitrag_LauferSchwarz\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ulrich-laufer-and-max-schwarz\/\">Ulrich Laufer and Max Schwarz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-26753 post-26753 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-kids-interned tag-westernland-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dunera_wire-rb7hfzncr1jqrvgrx585xd1f1c10eqizfmxsrqsafk.jpg\" title=\"dunera_wire\" alt=\"dunera_wire\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-youngest-dunera-boys\/\">The youngest Dunera Boys<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27115 post-27115 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-oldest-internees tag-queen-mary-internees-2\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dunera_wire-rb7hfzncr1jqrvgrx585xd1f1c10eqizfmxsrqsafk.jpg\" title=\"dunera_wire\" alt=\"dunera_wire\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-oldest-dunera-boys\/\">The oldest Dunera Boys<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27437 post-27437 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-internment tag-sgt-snow-white tag-sydney-loder tag-taxi-nach-leipzig\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Lohde_Beitrag-rct6diwfi7ekocjmcorl5j3kz2ialcebah2xtl91ow.png\" title=\"Lohde_Beitrag\" alt=\"Lohde_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/sigurd-sigismund-lohde\/\">Sigurd Sigismund Lohde<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-33139 post-33139 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-captain-e-r-m-broughton tag-dunera-en tag-sgt-snow-white\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Broughton_Beitrag-rllpa9cplh6ti3ulqmmg29l90ifq03edusrpoqt58w.jpg\" title=\"Broughton_Beitrag\" alt=\"Broughton_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/edward-broughton-soldier-and-bookmaker\/\">Edward Broughton Soldier and Bookmaker<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote without-quotes is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Faced with the destruction of his livelihood and his family being torn apart, Georg Chodziesner fled to Great Britain to escape persecution by the Nazis. His time in the Kitchener Camp transit camp and the Ramsay camp on the Isle of Man overlapped with the stay there of many other refugees from Germany and Austria, who were imprisoned behind barbed wire by the British. The decisive stage was the deportation to Australia on the HMT Dunera. Like many other Dunera Boys, Georg decided to stay in Australia after the war.<\/p>\n<cite>Peter Dehn, January 2025.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Falkensee1937.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18306 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Falkensee1937.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Falkensee1937-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Falkensee1937-768x453.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last joint photo of the Chodziesner family was taken in Falkensee near Berlin in 1937. Standing from left to right: Georg, his sister Gertrud Kolmar, brother-in-law Peter Wenzel, sister Margot. Seated from left to right: Georg&#8217;s sister Hilde Wenzel and her daughter Sabine, father Ludwig, Georg&#8217;s wife Thea with son Wolfgang Benno. Courtesy of the Chodziesner family.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"As_an_engineer_in_Berlin\"><\/span><strong>As an engineer in Berlin<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Chodziesner was born in Berlin on March 4, 1900. His father Ludwig was a well-known lawyer and notary in Berlin. He had four children with his wife Elise, who also came from a wealthy Jewish family. The third and only son was Georg. In 1899, the family moved to the upper middle-class <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28580'>Westend<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[1]  Westend was incorporated into Greater Berlin in 1920 as part of Charlottenburg and is now a part in the district of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> district, then a suburb of Charlottenburg.<br><br>After leaving school and serving briefly in the army, Georg studied at the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28584'>Technische Hochschule<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[2]  Since 1946: Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28586'>Berlin<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[3]  Cf. Mapping the Lives about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mappingthelives.org\/bio\/9d08e0b6-6965-4a6c-a54e-59626b43f6fa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Georg Chodziesner<\/a>, retrieved Aug 30, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> from January 29, 1919 (matriculation number 25950), graduating with a degree in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28590'>engineering<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[4]  Matrikel, archives of Technical University, vol. VII 1914-1923 (stock 007, signatur), p. 163.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on July 24, 1923. From 1929, he developed telegraphy technologies for <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28594'>C. Lorenz AG<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[5]  C. Lorenz AG was founded 1880 and and was a pioneer in radio and telegraphy. A long legal dispute with the market leader Telefunken ended with the takeover by the US company ITT. During the Nazi era, Lorenz developed radio technology for the Luftwaffe, among other things. The company's last name was Alcatel SEL. The brand was dropped after the takeover by Nokia in 2016. See Wikipedia about Lorenz. Cf. Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C._Lorenz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lorenz<\/a> (German), retrieved Auf 20,2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in Berlin, which were later <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28598'>patented<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[6]  Georg Chodziesner is named as (co-)inventor in five patents applied for by Lorenz (DE595297C, DE529975C, DE529976C, DE579887C, DE519068C). Retrieved on Aug 28, 2024 via www.myheritage.de.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> for the company. Lorenz confirmed in a reference that he was \u201cmainly engaged in the development of circuitry for telephone and signaling facilities\u201d and at times also worked in the patent office. He left due to the takeover by the Berlin branch of the US company ITT.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-duneras-journey-part-7\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Diary-cover-copyright-Paul-Chodziesner-Simon-Chodziesner-Thea-Chodziesner-661x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17396\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Georg Chodziesner left behind a diary about the Dunera&#8217;s journey that is as personal as it is haunting. Australian historian Seumas Spark describes the 17-page document as \u201cprobably the most important and comprehensive account\u201d of the horrific voyage.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center post-button wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-duneras-journey-part-7\/\">To George&#8217;s diary<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1931, his new employer confirmed his expertise in the development of antennas, wireless navigation, telegraphy and telex technologies as well as in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28605'>matters of patent law<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[7]  Cf. excerpt from an English translation of an employee reference, via entries for Georg Chodziesner at www.myheritage.de, retrieved on Aug 28, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> The comment on patent law already hints at Georg&#8217;s later focus of work.<br><br>Firmly established in his profession, he married Dorothea \u201cThea\u201d Galliner (*October 29, 1904), a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28608'>lawyer<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[8]  Cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mappingthelives.org\/bio\/0fa60db4-6026-46bb-8127-4c59b78d2ed8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mapping the Lives<\/a> names the educational path \u201cJur. Landespr\u00fcfungsamt\u201d (Legal State Examination Office) for Dorothea Chodziesner, retrieved on 30.8.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and daughter of the liberal rabbi Julius Galliner, on June 21, 1929. Their son <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28612'>Wolfgang Benno<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[9]  George Chodziesner. Biographical Notes. Prepared by Ben Chodziesner, May 18, 2011.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, known as Ben in the family, was born in Berlin on October 5, 1935.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_the_run_from_the_Nazis_deported_by_the_British\"><\/span><strong>On the run from the Nazis, deported by the British<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"971\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Kitchener1940.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18312 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Kitchener1940.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Kitchener1940-300x291.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_Kitchener1940-768x746.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lunch break at Kitchener Camp. Georg Chodziesner on the right, fourth from the front. Source: Kitchener Camp website.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like his sisters Hilde and Margot, Georg fled abroad to escape Nazi persecution. While Thea and Ben were able to escape to Chile, Georg reached the British Kitchener Camp in August 1939. He worked in the transit camp&#8217;s <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28616'>drawing office<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[10]  Index card for Georg Chodziesner from the British Home Office, via ancestry.de, accessed on 30 August 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Like thousands of other refugees and after the usual questioning by a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2-2\/\">tribunal<\/a>\u201d, he was classified as a friendly foreigner in the so-called category \u201cC\u201d on October 19, 1939.<br><br>Following a xenophobic campaign by British Nazi sympathizers and the growing fear of a German invasion of Great Britain in May 1940, he was nevertheless treated as an enemy and interned, as were tens of thousands of refugees. He was initially taken to one of the camps on the Isle of Man. On July 10, 1940, together with <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/heinz-dehn\/\">Heinz Dehn<\/a>, the paediatricians <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/\">Dr. Wasser<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-hans-frankenstein\/\">Dr. Frankenstein<\/a> and many comrades from the Kitchener camp, he embarked with more than 2,000 refugees on a <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-duneras-journeypart-1\/\">journey into the unknown<\/a> on the <em>HMT Dunera<\/em>, which, after 57 days of horror, took them behind the barbed wire of the Australian desert camp of Hay (state of New South Wales), and in mid-1941 to Tatura (state of Victoria).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">British files on Georg Chodziesner&#8217;s internment already noted \u201cto be released in Australia\u201d on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28620'>January 25, 1941<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[11]  It was not until March 1941 that Major Layton, commissioned by the British government to repatriate internees, arrived in Australia.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>: However, the Australian government <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/991-per-cent-british\/\">refused<\/a> this to all internees on principle. Because the admission of Jewish refugees was undesirable there at the time, it was demanded that the internees be released on British soil. This was because Australian law applied the racist principle of a \u201cWhite Australia\u201d. \u201cOur population is 99.1% of British nationality and we wish to keep it so\u201d was, for example, an anti-Semitic election campaign argument used by re-elected <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28629'>Prime Minister Joseph Lyons<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[12]  From a speech by <a href=\"https:\/\/electionspeeches.moadoph.gov.au\/speeches\/1937-joseph-lyons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Lyons<\/a> on September 28, 1937 during the campaign for his re-election as Prime Minister.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in 1937.<br><br>It was only when Australia suffered from a significant shortage of labor &#8211; due to the mass conscription after Japan&#8217;s entry into the war &#8211; that the internees were remembered. The Dunera Boys still in the camps were promised the right of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28635'>residence or citizenship<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[13]  Cf. memorandum of the Attorney-General for the Australian Parliament, March 29, 1946. National Archives of Australia (NAA), NAA_ItemNumber4938132, sheet 28, number d.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> after military service. Georg was released from internment on September 24, 1942. He joined the 8th Employment Company, which was made up exclusively of Dunera Boys, and served the country as a soldier in this work unit until November 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_new_life_in_Australia\"><\/span>A new life in <strong>Australi<\/strong>a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg had little contact with his wife Thea and his son Ben in Chile because of the war. On November 6, 1943, Thea died of a heart condition in her exile in Concepci\u00f3n. Georg now set everything in motion to bring Ben to Australia. He was first placed in an orphanage and then hospitalized for diphtheria. Later, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28640'>family friends<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[14]  George Chodziesner. Biographical Notes, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in Santiago took him in. The fact that it took a year and a half for the then nine-year-old to finally arrive in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28642'>Melbourne<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[15]  Cf. Australian files on Wolfgang Benno Chosziesner, including NAA_ItemNumber9651800 (not digitized).<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on board the Astoria on May 1, 1945 can also be attributed to the course of the war. As Ben <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28645'>later told<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[16]  Cf. email from Simon Chodziesner to dunera.de dated Aug 30, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> his children, despite Japan&#8217;s foreseeable defeat, observers were deployed on the Astoria to warn of submarines and other potential attackers during the crossing of the Pacific.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgThea.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18350 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgThea.jpg 800w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgThea-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgThea-768x530.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg and Thea Chodziesner in Berlin. Flight separated the couple.\nCourtesy of the Chodziesner family.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the end of his army service on November 26, 1945, Georg was employed by a telecommunications company owned by T.S. Skillman, who relied on Georg&#8217;s experience at Lorenz. Georg again specialized in preparing patent applications in the field of telecommunications and business automation.<br><br>Father and son became <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28648'>Australian citizens<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[17]  See naturalization file Georg Chodziesner, NAA_ItemNumber6244579 (not digitized).<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on February 22, 1946.<br><br>In 1960, Georg moved to the patent law firm Arthur S. Cave, with whom he had previously worked as a client. At the same time, he studied law, specializing in patent law. He graduated as a patent attorney in 1965. He worked for Cave as a partner until his retirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hobbies_and_honorary_posts\"><\/span>Hobbies and honorary posts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg had remarried in November 1947. His second wife was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28655'>Susan<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[18]  Cf. email from Simon Chodziesner, loc. cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Susanne Ellen) Kareis. Born in Austria in 1903, she had also been naturalized in 1946. She died in 1985.<br><br>He used his army discharge money to buy a property in Narraweena, a community north of Sydney. There he had a house built according to his own design, which the family moved into in 1952. The house also provided him with space for his <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28651'>hobbies<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[19]  George Chodziesner. Biographical Notes, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Georg collected classic cars, which he kept in good condition. Among others, he owned a 1932 Austin 7 and a 1947 Vauxhall Tourer. His first new car was a 1955 Peugot 203. He also looked after the garden and traveled Australia with Susan, taking hundreds of photos. He was also interested in classical music.<br><br>Georg Chodziesner was also involved in voluntary work: his involvement in a local group concerned with road safety later led to the position of Vice President of the Road Safety Council of the State of New South Wales. He was instrumental in the development of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28657'>probationary driver&#8217;s license<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[20]  Cf. Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Driver_licences_in_Australia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">driving licenses<\/a> in Australia, retrieved Aug 30,2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> program in NSW, which was later adopted for the whole of Australia.<br><br>Until his death on January 31, 1981, Georg Chodziesner worked part-time for the patent law firm Cave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Georges_son_Ben_grandchildren_and_great-grandchildren\"><\/span>George&#8217;s son Ben, grandchildren and great-grandchildren<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"833\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgBen_1945-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18324 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgBen_1945-1.png 600w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_GeorgBen_1945-1-216x300.png 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reunited after years apart. Son Ben and father George.<br>Courtesy of the Chodziesner family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A photo of Georg and Ben was taken soon after Ben&#8217;s arrival in Melbourne in May 1945. Georg is wearing the uniform of the 8th Employment Company, Ben the uniform of his Melbourne school, and during Georg&#8217;s time in the army the boy lived with Fischer at <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28662'>44 Wellington Street<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[21]  CF. Army files Georg Chodziesner, NAA_ItemNumber6244579. By the way, Heinz Dehn lived at 57 and 109 Wellington St. from 1946 to 1951.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the Windsor district of Melbourne. He later lived with the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28666'>Lewin family<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[22]  Cf. email from Simon Chodziesner, loc. cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the Hawthorne district.<br><br>Georg brought Ben there from Melbourne a little later, after he had established himself professionally in Sydney. Ben attended Sydney Technical High School, Paddington. In 1951, his name appeared in a list of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28670'>outstanding school leavers<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[23]  Cf. email from Simon Chodziesner, loc. cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> at number 1 for the subject German. He also received a scholarship to study at the University of Sydney.<br><br>Ben met the British woman Diana Lewis, born on March 18, 1935. They married in Chatham, UK, on August 30, 1958; they moved to Australia in 1960. Like his father, Ben had a degree in engineering, but in chemistry. He worked in the oil and plastics industry for companies such as Exxon, Union Carbide, Australian Synthetic Rubber, Altona Petrochemical Company and Monsanto. He worked mainly in Australia, with professional detours to Hong Kong and Singapore. He retired from work as early as 1995 to provide round-the-clock care at home for Diana, who was seriously ill with Alzheimer&#8217;s disease.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ben also used his experience to become publicly involved in the interests of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28673'>family caregivers<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[24]  Cf. email from Simon Chodziesner, loc. cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. First as President of Carers Victoria and later of the national umbrella organization, he was active as an advocate for people caring for their loved ones at home on a voluntary basis.<br><br>Ben Chodziesner died on September 16, 2018, leaving behind two sons and a daughter. Thea &#8211; named after Ben&#8217;s mother &#8211; was born in 1961. She is married to Michael and has daughters Kara, Jenna and Alyssa. Simon was born in 1963 and is married to Martina; their children are Madison, Joshua, Jordan and Liam. Paul was born the youngest in 1965. He and his wife Jane have daughters Emily, Jordyn, Anna and Sophie.<br><br>All three families live in Melbourne. Paul and Simon are actively involved in the Dunera Boys&#8217; and Queen Mary internees&#8217; remembrance work on the board of the Dunera Association. They also look after the memory of their great-aunt Gertrud Kolmar. In February 2024, Paul was able to receive some books in Berlin that were rescued after the theft of his father&#8217;s 3,000-volume library and Gertrud&#8217;s possessions and could be assigned to them in the course of provincial research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_Chodziesner_family\"><\/span>About the Chodziesner family<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Georges_parents_Ludwig_and_Elise\"><\/span>Georges parents Ludwig and Elise<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg and his sisters come from an interesting family. His father Louis was born on August 28, 1861 in Obersitzko (today Obrzycko, Poland). After leaving school, he went to Berlin to study law. His wife Elise &#8211; they had married on )March 22, 1894 &#8211; came from the Schoenflies family of factory owners from Landsberg\/Warthe. She was born on July 17, 1872 and died in Berlin on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28679'>March 25, 1930<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[25]  Registry office Falkensee, entry no. 22, of March 26, 1930.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. A close relative of Elise&#8217;s was the philosopher Walter Benjamin.<br><br>George&#8217;s father became famous through his representation of P<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28682'>hilipp F\u00fcrst zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[26]  Wikipedia about the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harden-Eulenburg-Aff%C3%A4re\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harden-Eulenburg-affair<\/a>, retrieved Sep 4, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, among others. The aristocrat from Kaiser Wilhelm II&#8217;s immediate circle was accused of homosexuality as part of a covert campaign against the Kaiser&#8217;s foreign policy.<br><br>Louis Chodziesner &#8211; like many middle-class people with Jewish roots &#8211; perhaps saw himself more as a \u201cGerman\u201d than as a Jew with the Francophile first name of the \u201chereditary enemy\u201d of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28686'>imperial loyalists<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[27]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_Chodziesner.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ludwig Chodziesner<\/a>, retrieved Aug 18, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>? This appears contradictory to the outside world. He signed his marriage certificate to Elise as Louis in 1894, as well as Georg&#8217;s birth certificate in 1900. On the occasion of Hilde&#8217;s birth in 1906, however, he registered his first name as <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28689'>Ludwig<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[28]  Birth certificates from the Charlottenburg registry office for Georg Chodziesner No. 690 dated March 3, 1900, and Hilde Chodziesner no. 2 dated Jan 2, 1906.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Did he give his son the additional Kaiser first names Friedrich and Wilhelm out of patriotism?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"733\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ludwig_chodziesner_DLA-733x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18369 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ludwig_chodziesner_DLA-733x1024.jpg 733w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ludwig_chodziesner_DLA-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ludwig_chodziesner_DLA-768x1072.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ludwig_chodziesner_DLA.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ludwig Chodziesner ca. 1925. Courtesy of Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28692'>Justizrat<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[29]  Justizrat (like Councillor of Justice) was an honorary title for lawyers during the imperial era and denoted admission to the higher courts. Cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Justizrat#Geschichte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>, retrieved Sep 1, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> Ludwig Chodziesner practiced as a lawyer and notary in Berlin. He was horrified by the threat posed by the Nazis and the racist persecution that began immediately after they seized power. He suffered from being banned from his profession, thrown out of his Westend apartment and the forced sale of his house in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28697'>Falkensee<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[30]  Falkensee is a western suburb of Berlin in what is now the federal state of Brandenburg.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. In 1939, he wrote to his daughter Hilde: \u201cOn Friday, I was in a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28701'>synagogue<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[31]  Sebastian Chosinski \u201cZ Wagrowca do Berlina i Chicago\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/chaim-zycie.pl\/kultura-i-historia\/wagrowiec\/399-z-wagrowca-do-berlina-i-chicago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quoted by wikipedia<\/a> about Ludwig Chodziesner, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> for the first time in 60 years\u201d.<br><br>On September 1, 1942, the Gestapo ordered the confiscation of all of Ludwig&#8217;s assets. This order was served on him on September 8. Ludwig was deported to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28704'>Theresienstadt<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[32]  Cf. transport list of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statistik-des-holocaust.de\/AT60-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60th Alterstransport<\/a>, Holocaust statistics, retrieved on Aug 25, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on September 9, 1942 on the 60th transport for the elderly. He died there on February 13, 1943 at the age of 82. The death certificate notes myodegeneratio condis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and enteritis acuta (intestinal catarrh) as the immediate <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28707'>cause of death<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[33]  Index card Theresienstadt, via Arolsen Archive and death notice Theresienstadt from Feb 13, 1943 via myheritage.de.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> &#8211; clearly a consequence of the prison conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CMain_tenant_evacuated%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_the_bureaucracy_of_the_Holocaust\"><\/span><strong>\u201cMain tenant evacuated\u201d &#8211; the bureaucracy of the Holocaust<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_EbakuierteJuden_1943Kitchener1940.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18337 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_EbakuierteJuden_1943Kitchener1940.jpg 800w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_EbakuierteJuden_1943Kitchener1940-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_EbakuierteJuden_1943Kitchener1940-768x546.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last bill from the municipal electricity supplier Bewag. Source: Chodziesner files of the Berlin Brandenburg Chief Finance President (Brandenburg State Archive, 36A (II) 5778).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ludwig Chodziesner and his daughter Gertrud had barely been removed from the \u201cJewish apartment\u201d in Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28710'>Speyerer Stra\u00dfe 10<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[34]  The part of Speyerer Strasse south of Barbarossastrasse was abandoned in 1958 and rebuilt according to modified plans.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, when the German Reich came after his assets. The senior bailiff Schimmrigk had estimated Ludwig Chodziesner&#8217;s remaining assets in the apartment at zero in November 1942 and charged 2.50 Reichsmark for fees and expenses.<br><br>On November 1, 1943, the Sch\u00f6neberg tax office assessed Georg Chodziesner&#8217;s <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28714'>assets<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[35]  All information on the realization of Georg Chodziesner's assets was taken from the restitution file AZ (149 WGK) 1 WGA 514\/50 (s31\/53). Via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archivportal-d.de\/themenportale\/wiedergutmachung\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archivportal-D Wiedergutmachung<\/a> (German), retrieved on 25.2.2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> at 102,305 Reichsmark. At 99,300 Reichsmark, the largest item is a rented house in Berlin-Steglitz, but this is encumbered with a mortgage \u201cfor Reich flight tax\u201d of 37,250 RM.<br><br>Nevertheless, the apartment had not yet been vacated until March 1943. The remaining furniture etc. was valued at 3,096 Reichsmark and sold to a dealer for 2,485.55 Reichsmark for the benefit of the state treasury. At the end of March 1943, a \u201cbomb-damaged\u201d Mr. Agatz applied for the apartment. He had to sleep in emergency accommodation in the corridor and urgently needed the apartment to \u201cmaintain my ability to work\u201d. A few days later, the building owner Eleonore Lenkeit confirms that the \u201cmain tenants have been evacuated\u201d. Like the suppliers of gas and electricity, she allegedly demands outstanding rent or fees. The official correspondence ended in June 1944.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apparently, the son-in-law Peter Wenzel became involved in the proceedings for compensation for Georg and Gertrud Chodziesner in 1950. However, he only received information about the deportation transports of Ludwig and Gertrud. An exchange of letters within the authorities concerning the exchange of files began in October 1953 and ended in May 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_sisters_Margot_Hilde_and_Gertrud\"><\/span>The sisters Margot, Hilde and Gertrud<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Margot Chodziesner (*January 18, 1897) obtained a doctorate in zoology. She emigrated and arrived in Australia on board the Oronsay in May 1939 and found work on a poultry farm. However, she never had a chance to see her interned brother Georg again. She died in Sydney on June 7, 1942; she was only 45 years old.<br><br>Hilde (* December 27, 1905) ran a bookshop with her husband Peter Wenzel (born 1906) and a friend in Grolmanstra\u00dfe near Berlin&#8217;s Kurf\u00fcrstendamm until her escape. She went to Switzerland with her daughter Sabine (*April 6, 1933). Her husband Peter, who divorced her in 1942, survived in Berlin and achieved the first publication of Gertrud&#8217;s works in 1947. He later emigrated to Brazil, where he died in 1961.<br><br>Hilde&#8217;s daughter Sabine spent most of her professional life traveling on behalf of the UN. After retiring, she settled in the Brazilian coastal town of Paraty, where she <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28718'>died in 2024<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[36]  Cf. email from Simon Chodziesner, loc. cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"818\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_HildeWenzel_Sabine.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18344 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_HildeWenzel_Sabine.png 600w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chodziesner_HildeWenzel_Sabine-220x300.png 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">George&#8217;s sister Hilde Wenzel and her daughter Sabine. Courtesy of the Chodziesner family.<br><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KolmarGertrud_DLA.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18364 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KolmarGertrud_DLA.jpg 320w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/KolmarGertrud_DLA-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">Gertrud Kolmar, ca. 1928. Courtesy of the German Literature Archive Marbach.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gertrud K\u00e4the, the eldest of the four Chodziesner children, was born in Berlin on December 10, 1894. She was trained as a language teacher and educator. Her first poems appeared at the end of the 1920s. She became known under her pseudonym <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28721'>Gertrud Kolmar<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[37]  Cf. Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gertrud_Kolmar.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gertrud Kolmar<\/a> (German), retrieved Aug 18,2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and is considered one of the most important poets in the German language. Gertrud moved in with her parents in Falkensee to care for her seriously ill mother and relieve her father. After Elise&#8217;s death in 1930, she supported her father, even after he was banned from his profession by the Nazis. After the forced sale of the house in Falkensee at the end of 1938, she shared a room with her father in that overcrowded \u201cJewish apartment\u201d in Speyerer Stra\u00dfe 10.<br><br>From 1941, Gertrud did forced labor in an armaments factory. She was arrested at the end of February 1943 as part of the so-called \u201c<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28724'>Fabrikation<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[38]  Wikipedia about the so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fabrikaktion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fabrikaktion<\/a>, through which the last Jews employed in Berlin armament companies, were deporeted to death camps. This triggered the resistance action by non-Jewish people who protested against the arrests in front of the Berlin assembly point in <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosenstra%C3%9Fen-Protest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosenstrasse<\/a> near Alexanderplatz, retrieved Aug 24, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d and deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp on March 2, 1943. Of the 1,500 Jews on this 32nd eastward transport, only 680 were registered by name in the camp itself. The others, including Getrud, were <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28728'>murdered<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[39]  Cf. Wikipedia about Gertrud Kolmar, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> immediately upon arrival. Gertrud Kolmar is commemorated by Stolpersteine in Falkensee and Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg and a memorial plaque in Berlin-Westend.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ludwig_Chodziesners_family\"><\/span>Ludwig Chodziesner\u2019s family<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg&#8217;s grandfather Julius, born in 1835 in Rogasen (today Rogozno, Poland) was a haberdasher. He was married to Johanna (n\u00e9e Aschheim, on May 15, 1830 in Mie\u015bcisko). He died on March 24, 1910 in Berlin, Johanna died on May 28, 1920. They had five children. Like the eldest son Louis, the brothers Max and Siegfried were lawyers<br><br>Max, born on November 21, 1869, was included with writers Alfred D\u00f6blin, Lion Feuchtwanger, physicist Albert Einstein and others in the list of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28731'>60 most important Jewish people<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[40]  Wikipedia about Ludwig Chodziesner loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in Berlin in 1931. With his wife Margarethe (n\u00e9e Landsberg, March 3, 1884) he was able to flee to Montevideo (Uruguay), where he died in 1978. Art objects belonging to Max were auctioned off on March 28, 1938 by the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28734'>auction house \u201cUnion\u201d<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[41]  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proveana.de\/de\/suche?term=Chodziesner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Auction commissions<\/a> of the \u201eReichskammer der bildenden K\u00fcnste\u201c (chamber of visual arts), Landesleitung Berlin. Provenance research database, retrieved Sep 1, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, owned by <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28738'>Leo Spik<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[42]  Leo Spik Kunstversteigerungen e.K. today resides on Kurf\u00fcrstendamm in Berlin.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The Gestapo tried to gain access to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28741'>further assets<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[43]  Restitution file Rep 36A 5779, Brandenburgisches Hauptarchiv, via Archivportal Wiedergutmachung, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in 1944. The Nazis also appropriated a plot of land in R\u00fcdersdorf.<br><br>Siegfried was born on July 18, 1872. He had represented the sex researcher Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) and his <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28744'>Wissenschaftlich-humanit\u00e4res Komitee<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[44]  WhK was the first organization in the world to campaign for rights of homosexuals.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Scientific-Humanitarian Committee; WhK in court several times, which was probably a violation of upper middle-class German \u201cdecency\u201d. In 1918, he co-founded the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28763'>Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[45]  Magnus-Hirschfeld-Gesellschaft, <a href=\"https:\/\/magnus-hirschfeld.de\/gedenken\/personen\/chodziesner-s\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">biography Siegfried Chodziesner<\/a>, retrieved Sep 1, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and was a member of its board of trustees until 1924. He and his wife Minnie also escaped to Montevideo, where he died on May 4, 1948. Minnie died there on June 3, 1976.<br><br>Georg\u2019s Aunt Rebekka (*24.7.1867 &#8211; 30.11.1962) and her husband Alexander Lindenheim (*1869), on the other hand, only managed to emigrate to Uruguay in November 1940. Uncle Albert (*4.9.1864) and his wife Friederike (Rica) n\u00e9e Hertz married on March 19, 1904. Albert died on September 29, 1926, Rica only a few days later on October 11, 1926. Their son Kurt was born in Berlin on April 10, 1905. His fate is not known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Please note:<\/strong> We would like to thank Thea, Paul, and Simon Chodziesner for their comprehensive support with information about the Chodziesner family and for providing photos from their archive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Footnotes\"><\/span>Footnotes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>show<\/summary>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>George, a member of a respected Jewish family, escaped Nazi persecution to England, where he was deported as an enemy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19042,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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