{"id":12081,"date":"2024-01-01T10:22:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T09:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/arandora-starpart-1\/"},"modified":"2026-06-17T11:19:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T09:19:31","slug":"arandora-starpart-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-starpart-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Arandora Star<br>Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13f34640{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;border-style:none;--border-style:none;--border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:60px;--padding-bottom:60px;--padding-left:5px;--padding-right:5px;}.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-284e8632{--swiper-slides-to-display:4;--arrow-prev-left-align:0%;--arrow-prev-translate-x:0px;--arrow-prev-left-position:-24px;--arrow-prev-top-align:50%;--arrow-prev-translate-y:-50%;--arrow-prev-top-position:0px;--arrow-next-right-align:0%;--arrow-next-translate-x:0%;--arrow-next-right-position:-24px;--arrow-next-top-align:50%;--arrow-next-translate-y:-50%;--arrow-next-top-position:0px;--swiper-slides-gap:60px;--arrow-normal-color:var( --e-global-color-f898366 );}.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-284e8632 .swiper-slide > .elementor-element{height:100%;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13f34640{--padding-top:40px;--padding-bottom:40px;--padding-left:025px;--padding-right:25px;}.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-284e8632{--swiper-slides-to-display:3;}}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13f34640{--content-width:1140px;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13f34640{--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;}.elementor-1802 .elementor-element.elementor-element-284e8632{--swiper-slides-to-display:1;}}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"1802\" class=\"elementor elementor-1802\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f34640 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13f34640\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-284e8632 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-carousel\" data-id=\"284e8632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;template_id&quot;:12420,&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:60,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_skin&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;edit_handle_selector&quot;:&quot;.elementor-loop-container&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;arrows&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"loop-carousel.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-12420\">.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:center;--align-items:center;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;--background-transition:0.3s;border-style:solid;--border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;--border-top-width:1px;--border-right-width:1px;--border-bottom-width:1px;--border-left-width:1px;border-color:var( --e-global-color-1137004 );--border-color:var( --e-global-color-1137004 );--border-radius:50% 50% 50% 50%;}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b:hover{background-color:#BDB8B0;}.elementor-widget-theme-post-title .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9084d7b{text-align:center;}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9084d7b .elementor-heading-title{font-family:\"Satoshi\", Sans-serif;font-size:24px;font-weight:400;color:var( --e-global-color-f898366 );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9084d7b > .elementor-widget-container{--e-transform-translateY:10px;}.elementor-widget-button .elementor-button{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button-content-wrapper{flex-direction:row-reverse;}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button{font-family:\"Satoshi\", Sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;fill:var( --e-global-color-f898366 );color:var( --e-global-color-f898366 );background-color:#61CE7000;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:hover, .elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:focus{color:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:hover svg, .elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 .elementor-button:focus svg{fill:var( --e-global-color-187c9d2 );}.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2672384 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:5px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-transform-translateY:10px;}\/* Start custom CSS for theme-post-title, class: .elementor-element-9084d7b *\/.swiper-heading h3:hover{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for container, class: .elementor-element-561538b *\/.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b{\n    aspect-ratio: 1\/1\n}\n\n.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b:hover *{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-12420 .elementor-element.elementor-element-561538b{\n    max-width: 300px;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-33907 post-33907 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-8aec category-history tag-8th-employment-company tag-australia tag-captain-e-r-m-broughton tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 8th Employment Company (2)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-8th-employment-company-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-34034 post-34034 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-8aec category-history tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-captain-e-r-m-broughton tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 8th Employment Company (1)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-8th-employment-company-1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-16009 post-16009 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-8aec category-history tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-experiments-on-humans tag-malaria-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 8th Employment Company (3)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/guinea-pigs\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-29998 post-29998 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-no-3-troop-no-10-inter-allied-commando tag-x-commando\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">X Commando \u2013 Taking up Arms Against Fascism<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/x-commando-enemy-aliens-on-the-front-lines\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-24176 post-24176 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australien-2 tag-nazis-in-tatura-en tag-queen-mary-internierte-2 tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A &#8220;Jewish Mutiny&#8221;?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/a-jewish-mutiny\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23737 post-23737 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australia tag-lical-internees tag-nazis-in-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cThe German salute is your duty\u201d<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-german-salute-is-your-duty\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23220 post-23220 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-arnold-bernstein-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-mv-abosso-en tag-ulrich-a-boschwitz-en tag-waroonga-en tag-westernland-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Three Ship Stories<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/three-ship-stories\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-21689 post-21689 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-exile tag-great-britain tag-internment tag-queen-mary-en tag-singapore tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;&#8230; hurts our very innermost&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/hurts-our-very-innermost\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-21570 post-21570 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-deportation-en tag-gerhard-seefeld-en tag-italian-internees tag-queen-mary-en tag-singapore tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From Singapore \u201cunder British protection\u201d<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/from-singapore-under-british-protection\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20548 post-20548 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arandora-star-en tag-arandora-star-en tag-australia tag-deportation-en tag-dunera-en tag-england-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-italiener-2\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arandora Star <br>Part 3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20087 post-20087 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-exil-en tag-felix-nussbaum-2 tag-holocaust-en tag-j-stamp tag-judenstempel-en tag-persecution tag-sweden tag-switzerland\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The &#8220;J&#8221;-Stamp<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-j-stamp\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-16216 post-16216 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-aktionsjuden-en tag-anti-semitism tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-faschism tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-holocaust-en tag-judenaktion-en tag-night-of-broken-glass tag-pogrom-en tag-rath-jews tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Aktionsjuden&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/aktionsjuden\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-15412 post-15412 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-bombay-en tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-paretzkin-en tag-sonnenfeldt-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Dumped&#8221; in Bombay<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dumped-in-bombay\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-14851 post-14851 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Sympathy and human kindness&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/sympathy-and-human-kindness\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-8727 post-8727 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-australia tag-camp-hay-en tag-internment\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An appeal made by internees<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/an-appeal-made-by-internees\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-14865 post-14865 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-internment tag-paul-r-bartrop tag-white-australia-policy\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;99,1 per cent british&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/991-per-cent-british\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11996 post-11996 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-aktionsjuden-en tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-csr-en tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-holocaust-en tag-munich-agreement tag-neville-chamberlain-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The \u201eFall Gr\u00fcn\u201c<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-fall-gruen\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10633 post-10633 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-abraham-flieder-en tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-holocaust-en tag-jews-from-poland tag-judenaktion-en tag-polenaktion-en tag-zbaszyn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The &#8220;Polenaktion&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-polenaktion\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10153 post-10153 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&#8220;Two Years in Nazi concentration camps&#8221;<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/two-years-in-nazi-concentration-camps\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12689 post-12689 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-british-deportations category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-churchill-en tag-deportations tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">British deportations<br>Part 1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12555 post-12555 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-british-deportations category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-churchill-en tag-deportations tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">British deportations<br>Part 2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12910 post-12910 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-british-deportations category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-churchill-en tag-deportations tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">British deportations<br>Part 3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-3\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12081 post-12081 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arandora-star-en category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561538b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"561538b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9084d7b swiper-heading e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9084d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arandora Star<br>Part 1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-starpart-1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"12420\" class=\"elementor elementor-12420 elementor-1280 elementor-1280 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-12387 post-12387 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arandora-star-en category-history tag-arandora-star-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" 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data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Arandora Star <br>Part 2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2672384 e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2672384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" arrow_right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 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Arandora Star was the second of five ships with which Great Britain deported around 10,000 Germans, Austrians and Italians aged between 16 and 60 overseas in June and July 1940. Winston Churchill&#8217;s deportation strategy, which was primarily used against Nazi victims, only became public knowledge after the sinking of the Arandora Star and the death of 743 men. Barely back on land, 451 of 585 surviving internees and prisoners of war were put on a ship to Australia.<\/p>\n<cite><em>Peter Dehn January 2024. amd November 2025.<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_sinking_of_the_Arandora_Star_and_the_consequences\"><\/span><strong>The sinking of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> and the consequences<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two aspects seem worth mentioning before dealing with this second of a total of <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12555\">five deportation voyages<\/a>. Firstly, the British had already lost 100 ships to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12097'>torpedo attacks<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[1]  Peter and Leni Gillman, \u201e\u2018Collar the Lot!\u2018 How Britains Interned and Expelled ist Wartime Refugees\u201c. London 1980, p 188.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> by the end of 1939 &#8211; i.e. in the first three months of the war.&nbsp;The British government was therefore well aware of the danger posed by German submarines. Their preferred area of operation was north and northwest of Northern Ireland, and all convoys to and from North America and transports of internees had to pass through it.<br><br>Secondly, the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was equipped with <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12100'>anti-torpedo net<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[2]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torpedo_net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anti torpedo nets<\/a>, retrieved Aug 28, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in December 1939. The technology proved itself in tests to be successful against all torpedo test shots. In addition, the cruising speed was hardly affected. However, the nets and booms were removed in March 1940. They were never widely used. It is possible that this defensive technology could have effectively protected the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> and the people on board from what was to come.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/arandora_spithead_small__bluestarline_org.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3872\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/arandora_spithead_small__bluestarline_org.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/arandora_spithead_small__bluestarline_org-300x183.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Arandora Star on a ship parade.\nSource: Blue Star Line org.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_German_torpedo_against_prisoners_of_war_and_internees\"><\/span><strong>A German torpedo against prisoners of war and internees<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was the second ship to transport &#8220;enemy aliens&#8221; to Canada. She set sail from Liverpool on July 1, 1940. Her destination was St. John&#8217;s in the then still independent Newfoundland. There were 707 Italian and 470 German prisoners on board, of whom 86 were probably prisoners of war on board, according to the state of research at the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28427'>end of November 2025<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[3]  See Alfonso Pacitti, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pacitti.biz\/arandora-manifest1.html\">Arandora Star 1940 Manifest<\/a>,\u201d containing 1,614 names of prisoners, guards, and sailors aboard the Arandora Star, published and accessed on November 20, 2025.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The number of guards was given as 255 men and the crew as 182 sailors. The ship was not marked as a prisoner transporter. On the contrary: <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12107'>two 4.7 inch<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[4]  Gillman loc. cit. page 189.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (12 cm) guns were visibly carried on deck.<br><br>The ship is undoubtedly a luxury ship, but with twice as many people in each cabin as there are beds, the luxury ends there&#8221;, described the Jewish refugee <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12103'>Rainer Radok<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[5]  Rainer Radok, \u201eVon K\u00f6nigsberg nach Melbourne\u201c (German) chapter 11 p 16.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> who was on board with two brothers and other <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12387\">Jews and political refugees<\/a> the overcrowding that characterized all five <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12689\">mass deportations<\/a> to overseas.<br><br>The journey ended abruptly on July 2. Lieutenant Captain Prien, stylized as a hero by the Nazis, discovered the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>, which had just rounded the northern tip of Ireland and was approximately near Londonderry. Prien had his last torpedo of his U-47 fired.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ArandoraStar_Werbung-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23517\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u201cConstant Entertainment\u201d &#8211; advertisement for luxury travel in the program booklet of a London theater.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An unofficial website about the history of the Blue Star shipping company, from which the British Navy had confiscated the ship, summarizes the further course of events:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Arandora Star zigzagged at 15 knots, unescorted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At 6:15 am. on July 2, the ship was torpedoed while heading west at a position about 75 nautical miles west of Bloody Foreland (56.30 north and 10.38 west).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The torpedo hit the engine room on the starboard side at 6.15 am. The inflowing water masses caused total damage to the turbines. The main and emergency generators had to be switched off, leaving the ship in the dark.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communication between the bridge, engine room and radio station was not possible. First Officer F.B. Brown sent a man to the radio operator and ordered an SOS call, which was answered by the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12110'>Malin Head<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[6]  Malin Head ist he northermost point of the island of Ireland.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>  station.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At 7.15 a.m. it was clear that the ship was lost. It sank within a few minutes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At 9.30 a.m., a Sunderland seaplane dropped <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12113'>first aid materials<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[7]  Cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bluestarline.org\/arandora.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Blue Star Line<\/a> online, retrieved Aug 25, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, food and cigarettes in watertight bags.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under full steam, the Canadian destroyer HMCS St. Laurent reached the scene of the incident at 1 pm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By 6.30 a.m. the next morning, 868 survivors had been taken in and cared for. It was particularly difficult to rescue those survivors who had survived clinging to rafts or wreckage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Those rescued were brought ashore in Greenock (Scotland) the next day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Insufficient_rescue_equipment\"><\/span><strong>Insufficient rescue equipment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The condition of the rescue equipment is even described by the crew as critical. &#8220;The <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was carrying 14 lifeboats, with a capacity of no more than 1,000 people. There were <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12115'>1,564 on board<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[8]  Gillman loc. cit. page 198.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.&#8221; Two boats were disabled by the torpedo and another two were damaged during <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12117'>lowering<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[9]  Radok loc. cit. Chapter 12.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.  A fifth leaked and sank. Of the 90 life rafts, at most half were <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12120'>successfully launched<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[10]  Wikipedia about the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_Arandora_Star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Arandora Star<\/em><\/a>, retrieved Aug 22, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The 1st officer of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12124'>F.B. Brown<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[11]  Gillman loc.cit., page 198.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, confirmed that around 20 rafts were thrown overboard, but qualified: &#8220;The three large rafts were overfilled and the small ones were practically unusable &#8230; It was impossible to save more.&#8221;<br><br>These critical undertones are underlined by further research findings: \u201eThe lifeboats were secured behind heavy wire mesh (some witnesses specified \u2018barbed wire\u2019 and reported lacerations to survivors) and sufficient only for the original cruising complement of 400.\u201c It was also reported, \u201ethat obstructing access to the lifeboats was ordered in spite of protests by the ship\u2019s captain, who pointed out that it rendered the boat a death trap. Safe evacuation of prisoners in an emergency was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12126'>clearly not a priority<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[12]  Alastair Maclean \u201eThe Lonely Sea\u201c, 1985, quoted from \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/blackknockan\/arandora-star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arandora Star<\/a>\u201c on a privat Website fort he Scottish village of Knockan, retrieved Oct 15, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u201c The <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12129'>BBC reported<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[13]  Cormac McGinley 2004, BBC-online-forum WW2 People\u2019s War\u201c, quoted from ibid.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> testimony to the effect that the British <em>\u201ashot holes in the lifeboats to stop internees from escaping\u2018\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contradictory_reports_from_survivors\"><\/span><strong>Contradictory reports from survivors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The British press was either not informed about the &#8220;passengers&#8221; or was misinformed. This led to tendentious reporting in the British press, with no differentiation between Nazis and refugees. &#8220;In interviews with British survivors yesterday, it was stated that the Italians showed great hostility to the Germans, not only because of the torpedoing of the passenger ship without warning, but also because of the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12131'>reckless behavior of the Nazis<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[14]  <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.nls.uk\/scotlandspages\/timeline\/1940.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glasgow Herald<\/a>\u00a0from July 4, 1940, quoted from National Library of Scotland, retrieved Aug 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in trying to storm after the lifeboats.&#8221;<br><br>The national conservative \u201cDaily Express\u201d reported on the panic caused by the attack, including: &#8220;Everyone condemned the cowardice of the Germans, who fought like mad for the boats.&#8221; A British soldier is quoted as saying: &#8220;They punched and kicked their way through the Italians. We had to hold them back by force.&#8221; A <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12134'>British sailor<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[15]  Gillman loc.cit. page 196f.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was quoted: &#8220;The Germans made sure that no one would stand in the way of their rescue. But the Italians were just as bad. The whole crowd thought of their own skins first. The scramble for the boats was disgusting.&#8221;<br><br>But perhaps it also depends on which side of the barbed wire you were on. &#8220;German and English sailors worked on the top deck on the lifeboats to lower them into the water,&#8221; wrote the Jewish internee <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12136'>Rainer Radok<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[16]  Rainer Radok loc.cit. chapter 11.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> later. Sailors said that prisoners of war, mainly from the Adolph Woermann, had helped their British colleagues with the evacuation. Captain Otto Burfeind, who played a leading role in the evacuation, had gone down with the ship alongside British Captain Edgar W. Moulton in all seaman&#8217;s honor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Not_just_a_numbers_game_about_the_survivors\"><\/span><strong>Not just a numbers game about the survivors?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to initial information from the War Office on July 4, 1940, 270 Italians and 243 Germans were victims of Prien&#8217;s torpedo. This was later corrected by the Prisoners of War Department of the War Office to 225 Italians, 292 Germans, one Pole and three stateless persons. The <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12139'>State Department<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[17]  Gillman loc. cit., page 209.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> counted differently: of 478 Germans, 175 drowned and 303 were rescued. 486 of the 712 Italians drowned; 226 were rescued. According to marginally different <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12143'>official figures<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[18]  Wikipedia about the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Versenkung_der_Arandora_Star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sinking of <\/a><em>Arandora Star (German)<\/em>, retrieved Aug 30, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, 248 Italians and 304 Germans survived.<br><br>According to the latest findings from an extensive study by Alfonso Pacitti, 743 of the 1,614 men survived. Further details can be found in the table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>perished<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>rescued<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>England<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>total<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Germans, Austrians<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">250<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">70<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">470<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Itali<\/strong>ans<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">443<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">64<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">707<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><strong>Ship&#8217;s crew<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">57<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">125<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">182<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Guards<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">93<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">162<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">255<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>total<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>743<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>737<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>134<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1.614<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">This information is based on the lists compiled by Alfonso Pacitti. The \u201crescued\u201d column refers to the survivors who were deported to Australia on the Dunera, as well as the survivors among the guards and crew members. The \u201cEngland\u201d column includes the internees who were not allowed to be deported for health reasons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Pacitti&#8217;s data, 46 percent of all groups survived. The survival rate for the Italians was just 37 percent, while that of the Germans was 68 percent. Of the watch crews, 63 percent survived the torpedoing, and of the sailors, 68 percent did. The high survival rate among the German sailors and watch crews was likely greatly aided by the fact that they were housed on the upper decks of the ship. Some of the Italians, on the other hand, were housed all the way down on Deck A, while German internees were housed on Deck B. Another eyewitness account confirms this impression: \u201cMany people, especially the sick and the elderly, and those from the lower decks of the ship, could not reach the open decks or were unable to jump overboard.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CWire_everywhere%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>&#8220;Wire everywhere&#8221;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The loss of lifes also provoked the question of the barbed wire entanglements. According to First Officer F.B. Brown, Captain Moulton had criticized before departure that the work of the sailors would be severely hindered. &#8220;if anythings happens to the ship that wire will obstruct the passage to the boats and rafts. We shall be drowned like rats&#8221;, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-18231'>Moulton is quoted<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[19]  Michael Kennedy, \u201e\u2018Drowned like rats'. The torpedoing of <em>Arandora Star<\/em> off the Donegal Coast, 2 July 1940\u201c, page 3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mariner.ie\/the-sinking-of-arandora-star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Maritime Museum of Ireland<\/a>, Online, retrieved Oct. 20, 2024.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br><br>A survivor of the crew later said that when he got to his lifeboat, there was &#8220;wire everywhere&#8221;. Among those who (for whatever reason) remained on deck instead of jumping into the water were <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12149'>many Italians<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[20]  Gillman cit. loc. page 198f.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br><br>Another factor that may have contributed to the panic was that the prescribed distress drills were not carried out on the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> or during the other transports, so that once the internees had made it on deck, they did not know what to do.<br><br>Against the background of the figures, it seems as if the soldiers on watch and the German sailors, whose actions were described contradictorily, had the very best chance of escaping death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_new_Scottish_quarters\"><\/span><strong>In new Scottish quarters<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The men rescued by the HMCS St. Laurent were soon brought ashore in Scotland. <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12151'>Rainer Radok reports <\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[21]  Radok loc.cit.page 19.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> that many men &#8220;not surprisingly fell asleep after thirty-six hours without sleep or food&#8221; on the bare concrete floor of assigned mass quarters. &#8220;It seems to be a fact that no provisions were made for our arrival. After hours, dry cookies and blankets are distributed among us. Later there is a woolen blanket for everyone.&#8221;<br><br>The authorities had already prevented the internees from having access to newspapers and news before they embarked, so they were not informed about the course of the war &#8211; including Italy&#8217;s declaration of war on June 10, the surrender of France and the evacuation of British troops via Dunkirk. Radok:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Some of the windows of our big room are broken and allow us contact with the population. So we receive newspapers and read with astonishment that the whole &#8216;Arandora Star&#8217; tragedy was our fault. We would have been undisciplined and panicked at the bravery and heroism of the crew and guards. Of course we were all Nazis. The facts that no rescue drills had been organized, even though we were already at sea for the second day, and that several of the lifeboats were unseaworthy, are not mentioned.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His group of internees, who were housed separately from the Nazis in the same building, only received cards for notifying their relatives days later with the overprint &#8220;We are safe&#8221;, on which otherwise only signatures were permitted. Later, they were given uniforms from the First World War, which were then &#8220;decorated with a large cross in red oil paint&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CBeside_himself_with_joy%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_Changing_sides_to_U-47\"><\/span><strong>&#8220;Beside himself with joy&#8221; \u2013 Changing sides to U-47<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In good weather and calm seas, a fast-moving passenger steamer was sighted, reported <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12153'>Hans-Werner Kraus<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[22]  Estate of the naval writer Jochen Brennecke, interview with Hans Werner Kraus (German), not dated, \u00a0Bundesarchiv N852-32.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, 1st watch officer of U-47, in an unpublished interview. &#8220;I had it dived (&#8230;) It could have been a warship.&#8221; Jochen Brennecke mentions debates &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12156'>after Frank<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[23]  Probably meant is Wolfgang Frank. The Nazi journalist at D\u00f6nitz's staff and editor-in-chief of a newspaper from 1939 onwards published several articles about Prien. Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Frank_(Schriftsteller)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Frank<\/a> (German), retrieved Sept 15, 2023<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8220;, &#8220;after it was established that it was a passenger steamer&#8221;. Kraus did not want to remember this. Reference books were consulted &#8220;and then we came to the conclusion that it had to be either the ORAMA or ORMONDO or the ARANDORA STAR. (&#8230;) In any case, we knew that it was one of these ships, so it was also armed, you could see that. So it was under attack.&#8221; This happened with the last torpedo, although it was actually thought to be defective.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"359\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TurmU47.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3879\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TurmU47.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TurmU47-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Prien greets from the tower of the U-47.\nSource: Federal Archives N825 30 004_b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kraus confirms that they heard <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was hit amidships. He continues his report: &#8220;And after quite a long time, there was a bang and Prien was beside himself with joy. (&#8230;) And then I think we dived for quite a long time, I would like to assume another hour, around this sinking site (&#8230;) until Prien saw lifeboats in the periscope. (&#8230;) However, we didn&#8217;t approach the lifeboats as we usually did, but because we were in a hurry, we wanted to get away from this area if possible, because it must have been radioed &#8230;&#8221;<br><br>By leaving the scene without helping the survivors, Prien violated nautical codes of honor. He also paid a kind of premature obedience to Karl D\u00f6nitz (1889 &#8211; 1980), then head of the submarine fleet, later Hitler&#8217;s successor and convicted as a war criminal: on September 17, 1942, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12161'>D\u00f6nitz<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[24]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_D\u00f6nitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D\u00f6nitz<\/a>, and his <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laconia-Befehl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laconia-Order<\/a> (German), retrievend Sep 10, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> forbade the submarine crews to rescue crews and passengers of sunken ships or to give them food or water if they were in lifeboats. &#8220;Rescue contradicts the most primitive demands of warfare.&#8221;<br><br>Naval officer Kraus concludes the episode as follows: &#8220;Prien was beside himself with joy&#8230; We left immediately.&#8221; It was therefore not possible to determine &#8220;that there were a large number of German prisoners of war in these boats&#8221;. But &#8220;we only heard about them afterwards through the radio report. But not at all on the way, we only heard about them when we arrived. (&#8230;) In any case, we heard it when we were in Kiel.&#8221;<br><br>If they had known this, they would have behaved differently, claims Kraus. But how do you check a ship&#8217;s cargo before an attack? How many (or which?) of the 800 survivors could U-47 have saved, and which would not have been saved?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_%E2%80%9Ctonnage_success%E2%80%9D_for_the_propaganda\"><\/span><strong>A &#8220;tonnage success&#8221; for the propaganda?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Naval War Leadership (Skl) of the Nazi Navy noted in its <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12165'>war diary<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[25]  War diary of the German naval command, page 57.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on July 5: &#8220;U 47 reports 10 steamers sunk with <em>&#8216;Arandora Star<\/em>&#8216;. This increases the boat&#8217;s tonnage success to 66,600 GRT.&#8221; On <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12170'>July 8, 1940<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[26]  War diary loc.cit. page 57.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, the Skl noted that, according to the British news agency &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12173'>Reuter<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[27]  This obviously refers to the British news agency Reuters.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c, 143 Germans and 470 Italians (civilian internees and prisoners) were killed in the torpedoing of the &#8216;<em>Arandora Star<\/em>&#8216;&#8221;. On July 9, the Skl considered whether the misery could be exploited: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Following the sinking of the British passenger ship &#8216;<em>Arandora Star<\/em>&#8216; on its way to Canada, in which German and Italian prisoners of war on board perished, Skl is examining whether it is expedient to exploit the incident for propaganda purposes.&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12183'>SKL war diary<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[28]  War diary loc.cit. page 99.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, the naval map heroes at the chart table could have read about this in German newspapers beforehand. As early as July 3, the &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12178'>Schw\u00e4bischer Merkur<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[29]  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de\/newspaper\/item\/XAR53B7A7N4T63RD2QIBSPVIOXATTG6C?query=Schw%C3%A4bischer+Merkur&amp;sort=sort.publication_date+desc&amp;page=6&amp;rows=100&amp;hit=51&amp;issuepage=1https:\/\/www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de\/newspaper\/item\/XAR53B7A7N4T63RD2QIBSPVIOXATTG6C?query=Schw%C3%A4bischer+Merkur&amp;sort=sort.publication_date+desc&amp;page=6&amp;rows=100&amp;hit=51&amp;issuepage=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schw\u00e4bischer Merkur<\/a>, July 3, 1940, p 1. Deutsches Zeitungsarchiv, retrieved Sep 1, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; wrote on page 1 from the report of the Wehrmacht High Command: &#8220;Another submarine torpedoed the armed English steamer &#8216;Aran-Dora-Star&#8217; (15,500 GRT) west of the North Channel.&#8221;<br><br>On July 8, 1940, the Nazi party newspaper &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12187'>Westf\u00e4lische Tageszeitung<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[30]  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de\/newspaper\/item\/2T3Q236F5PERJS46WSNHCDJ7OXYB5J4I?query=Arandora+Star&amp;page=1&amp;hit=13&amp;issuepage=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westf\u00e4lische Tageszeitung<\/a>, July 8, 1940, page 5. Deutsches Zeitungsarchiv, retrieved Sep 1, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; reported under the headline &#8220;Ever new submarine successes&#8221; that the troop transport <em>Ettrick<\/em> had been sunk with 12,000 tons. The 15,000-ton steamer <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was named as one of the other ships involved in supplying the British Isles. &#8220;These are fast ships with considerable armament&#8221;.<a name=\"_ednref2\" href=\"#_edn2\">[<\/a><br><br>As late as October and November 1940 and later, the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was still haunting the provincial newspapers in a list of &#8220;giant steamers&#8221; with more than 10,000 GRT that had been put out of action. The repeated mention of the <em>Ettrick<\/em>, which was still in service at sea, bringing internees to Canada. This shows how the battle was being fought on the propaganda front.<br><br>The fact that Lt. <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12192'>G\u00fcnther Prien<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[31]  According to British sources, U-47 was sunk with Prien on board in 1941. The German navy kept the myth alive for a long time and limited itself to the fact that Prien had not returned from a mission.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1908 &#8211; 1941), hailed by Nazi propaganda as the &#8220;hero of Scapa Flow&#8221; and a role model for young people, was responsible for the sinking and 743 deaths of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12195'>generously ignored<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[32]  Gillman loc.cit. page 201.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> by the Germans.&nbsp;In the knowledge of this, Prien was decorated with &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12197'>Eichenlaub zum Ritterkreuz<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[33]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCnther_Prien\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G\u00fcnther Prien<\/a> (German),retrieved Aug 8, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; (Oak Leaves to the Knight&#8217;s Cross<a name=\"_ednref5\" href=\"#_edn5\">)<\/a> on October 20, 1940. In Sch\u00f6nberg\/Holstein near Kiel, there is still a G\u00fcnther-Prien-Stra\u00dfe named after the Nazi icon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prien-1024x485.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3887\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prien-1024x485.png 1024w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prien-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prien-768x364.png 768w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Prien.png 1515w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Triple propaganda hero: Prien during his lifetime (Bundesarchiv 183-2006-1130-500), in 1939 on a propaganda postcard (Volksbund f\u00fcr das Deutschtum im Ausland, Deutsches Historisches Museum PK 90\/5458) and in 1958 on cinema screen (Archiv Dehn).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"544\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/19400703_SchwaebMerkur.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3889\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/19400703_SchwaebMerkur.png 452w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/19400703_SchwaebMerkur-249x300.png 249w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Schw\u00e4bische Merkur of 3 July 1940, page 1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CA_completely_unforgivable_performance_in_office%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%93_the_Arandora_Star_in_the_British_House_of_Commons\"><\/span><strong>&#8220;A completely unforgivable performance in office&#8221; &#8211; the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> in the British House of Commons<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After just a few days, the sinking of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> became a topic of discussion in the British House of Commons. Minister of Shipping Ronald Cross claimed on July 9, 1940: &#8220;Lifeboats and rafts were available in more than sufficient numbers to accommodate all passengers and crew.&#8221; The British historians Leni and Peter Gillman categorized this statement by Cross, which contradicts the above information, as follows: &#8220;The implication, of course, was that the passengers were to blame for not saving themselves &#8211; and this was the decisive argument made by the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12201'>Foreign Office<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[34]  Letter of July 4, 1940 to the Embassys of Switzerland and Brasil, quoted from Gillman loc.cit page 197. Both countries were used for diplomatic communication between the warring parties as well as for correspondence between internees and prisoners of war.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.&#8221;<br><br>In the House of Commons, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12204'>Cross<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[35]  Minutes of Question Time in the <a href=\"https:\/\/api.parliament.uk\/historic-hansard\/commons\/1940\/jul\/09\/loss-of-arandora-star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">House of Commons<\/a> on July 9, 1940, retrieved Aug 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> foisted an even more blatant lie on his honorable cabinet colleague, War Minister Anthony Eden. Cross quoted Eden as saying &#8220;that all the Germans on board were Nazi sympathizers and that none of them came to this country as refugees.&#8221;<br><br>A few days later, Sir Kenneth Pickthorn MP rejects Cross&#8217;s statement in the same place, &#8220;who described himself as authorized by the Secretary of State for War&#8221;. Pickthorn continued:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;It seems to me to be a case of extreme incompetence that this statement was made. Even if all the records had been thoroughly sifted and it had been certain that there were no B or C aliens in that ship. I believe that an administrator would have said with the most elementary caution &#8216;We did the best we could, and we hope there were few or none.&#8217; But to announce categorically that there were none is completely unforgivable official conduct, all the more so when you look at the individual cases.&#8221;   <\/p>\n<cite><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12207'>Pickthorn in the House of Commons<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[36]  Debate in the <a href=\"https:\/\/api.parliament.uk\/historic-hansard\/commons\/1940\/aug\/22\/internees-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">House of Commons<\/a> on Aug 22, 1940, retrieved Aug 20, 82023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on August 22, 1940.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of those deported were his friends, added MP Wedgwood, who reported on a group of students who were not even allowed to inform their parents.<br><br>&#8220;Perhaps some of these Jews, whom I myself saw in the Dachau camp a few years ago and who have been leading our struggle for years, are interned here and not allowed to fight for their country of choice,&#8221; criticized <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12212'>Victor Cazalet, MP<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[37]  Ibid.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. If the &#8220;B&#8221; classifications had been checked again, &#8220;many would undoubtedly have been classified in category C&#8221;, he was certain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"No_refugees_Fake_news\"><\/span><strong>No refugees? Fake news!<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The government&#8217;s claim is rendered absurd by what is probably the most prominent victim: <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12215'>Karl Olbrysch<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[38]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Olbrysch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olbrysch<\/a>, retrieved Aug 20. It is untrue that his wife or girlfriend was on board the Arandora Star. Both were classified as Nazis by the British tribunals - obviously deliberately incorrectly - so that they could be locked up.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was a member of the Reichstag for the KPD; his life as a main political opponent of the Nazis was threatened even after his release from the concentration camp. His final escape route led to Great Britain.<br><br>In 1941, the internee <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12218'>Louis Eleazar Gutmann-Polangen<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[39]  Louis Eleazar Gutmann-Polangen \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/cdm21047.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/api\/collection\/tav\/id\/4695\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arandora Star Victims<\/a>. A Supplement tot he White Paper\u201c, undated, retrieved Aug 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, felt compelled to correct the official report on the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> to 29 pages on the basis of his personal experiences and knowledge. <br><br>The government-appointed rapporteur <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12222'>Lord Snell<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[40]  Henry Snell, a member of the Labour Party, was appointed Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords by Churchill in 1941.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1865 &#8211; 1944) had stated that the British War Office had deported the most dangerous people first. The list of Italians had been based &#8220;largely on membership of the fascist party&#8221;. It was not checked who really posed a threat. However, there had only been errors &#8220;in about a dozen cases&#8221;. &#8220;Lord Snell did not consider that the number of errors could be a reason for serious criticism&#8221; stated a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12226'>newspaper report<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[41]  The Guardian about the <a href=\"https:\/\/theguardian.newspapers.com\/article\/the-guardian-inquiry-into-the-sinking-of\/116925801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italians<\/a> on the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>, on Dec 20, 1940 page 6. Newspaper archive, retrieved Aug 31, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> at the time.<br><br>Snell thus absolved those politically responsible of any responsibility, despite known &#8220;errors&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1021\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-1024x1021.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4179 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-1024x1021.png 1024w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-768x766.png 768w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-1536x1532.png 1536w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Olbrasch_Stolperstein-2048x2042.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stumbling stone for Karl Olbrysch in Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg. Photo: Peter Dehn.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In fact, the number of &#8220;harmless&#8221; persons on the <em>Arandora Star <\/em>was significantly higher than officially admitted. Gutmann-Polangen proved this, among other things, by dealing extensively with the tribunals for categorising the refugees. Among other things, he reports on numerous <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12232'>knowingly false categorisations<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[42]  Own research on the 251 German survivors brought to the Dunera.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of Jews and Nazi opponents (including Karl Olbrysch) in category &#8220;A&#8221;, which was intended for Nazis. He also quotes questions to refugees that were characterised by <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12689\">anti-Semitic prejudices<\/a>. It is therefore not surprising that Gutmann-Polangen considers the tribunals a terrible failure. One cannot help but feel that some tribunals were more interested in removing not only Jews, but also social democrats, communists, trade unionists, pacifists, and other left-wing exiles from the political landscape of England than in finding and neutralizing Nazis. <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-26790'>Eric Koch<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[43]  Quoted from Eric Koch, \u201cDeemed Suspect. A Wartime Blunder,\u201d Toronto 1980, pp. 9\/10.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, who was deported to Canada, confirms this impression. The tribunals reflected \u201cat least the state of opinion of the social class from which King&#8217;s Counsels were drawn.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"By_no_means_only_Nazis_on_board\"><\/span><strong>By no means only Nazis on board<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is therefore hardly surprising that <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12278'>numerous refugees<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[44]  This can be seen, for example, in the digitized personal NAA-files of the 250 Arandora Star men sent to Australia; National Archives of Australia NAA.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> can be clearly identified among the 250 German survivors of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> who were sent to Australia on the <em>Dunera<\/em>. Gutmann-Polangen supplements this with the names of survivors and drowned persons, whom he describes from his own knowledge as Nazi opponents. According to his estimates, only around <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12281'>half of the Germans and Austrians<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[45]  Gutmann-Polangen loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on board the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> were actually Nazis. Our own research at dunera.de also points in this direction.<br><br>Polangen further estimated that among the businessmen and seamen in the merchant navy, around one in ten in Australia explicitly disassociated themselves from the Nazis and demanded separate accommodation.<br><br>But of course there were also cases that were reversed. One example is the 4th officer of the blockade runner Uhenfels Heinz Roehrs, who acted as <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12290'>camp leader<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[46]  Cf. Archives of the German Foreign Offices, RAV 26-1_4570; Roehrs-files, NAA_ItemNumber 32091758, retrieved Aug 30, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the Australian internment camp. According to Australian files, the Nazis openly ran an NSDAP foreign organisation in the camps and brought the <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-german-salute-is-your-duty\/\">representation of the internees<\/a> under their control.<br><br>Among the survivors who were deported to Australia on the Dunera, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12283'>Wolfgang A. Kittel<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[47]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Kittel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W.Kittel<\/a> (German), retrieved Aug 31, 2023. Article on dunera.de in preparation.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> stands out. The NSDAP member was interned as a Lufthansa representative in West Gambia. Because he also had diplomatic status, he was disembarked in Cape Town, taken to England and interned in a noble quarter on the Isle of Man until his exchange.<br><br><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12286'>Kurt von Wilmowsky<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[48]  Wikipedia about the sinking of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>, loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a member of the Krupp industrial family, was one of the most prominent victims of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>.<br><br><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-28439'>With the exception<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[49]  See Pacitti loc.cit.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of 65 I)talians and 70 Germans and Austrians (other info <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12298'>58 men<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[50]  Cf. <a href=\"http:\/\/pacitti.biz\/Arandora%20Star%202021%20Conference.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Notes<\/a> on Rachel Pistol's presentation at the conference \"Arandora Star Remembered\", London, Nov 30, 2021, accessed on Aug 30, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>) who were unfit for transport for health reasons, all the survivors of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> were brought to the<em> Dunera<\/em> on July 10. The names of 200 Italians and 251 Germans can be found on the corresponding <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12303'>nominal roll<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[51]  Cf. NAA_ItemNumber 657104.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. At the second attempt, they were not deported to Canada but to Australia.<br><br>The Australian authorities initially followed the British instructions. After protests by Jewish internees, prisoners of war and potential Nazis were spatially separated from Jewish and anti-fascist internees. With the official end of internment by the British government, the status of the sailors and traders was changed from &#8220;internees&#8221; to &#8220;Prisoners of War&#8221;. According to the personnel documents, this was carried out on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12305'>June 22, 1942<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[52]  Cf. digitized personal files at NAA.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Many of these men were behind Australian barbed wire until 1947 when they were repatriated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sunk_and_forgotten\"><\/span><strong>Sunk and forgotten?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sinking of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> and the 800 deaths in Great Britain initially had no consequences. Everything <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-2\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12555\">continued as usual<\/a>. On July 3, 1940, aware of the sinking the day before, the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12308'>British War Cabinet<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[53]  Minutes of War Cabinet 174 of July 3, 1940, Top 12, file 7-69 page 542, British National Archives CAB 7-69 sheet 542f.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> decided to send the <em>SS Ettric<\/em>k to Canada on the same day as planned, with more than 3,000 men and expressly again without an escort. Quebec City, Canada was the destination for 1,838 internees on the <em>SS Sobieski<\/em> on July 7, 1940. The <em>Dunera<\/em> left for Australia on July 10, 1940; There were 2,500 internees on board, including 451 survivors of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>.<br><br>Even before the <em>Dunera<\/em> docked in its first Australian port, Fremantle, the sinking of the <em>Arandora Star<\/em> reached the British public and the country&#8217;s parliament. The undignified treatment of those persecuted by the Nazis forced Prime Minister Winston Churchill to drop his deportation policy which was co-initiated by anti-Semitic forces. The politician, considered a master of verbal acrobatics, suggested how the government should get out of the affair with a <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/british-deportationspart-3\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"12910\">tepid phrase<\/a>: It is not politics that is responsible, but rather individuals who have implemented the policy incorrectly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;I am not here to deny for a moment that most regrettable and deplorable things have happened. &#8230; They have been due partly to the inevitable haste which the policy, once decided upon, had to be carried out. They have been due in some cases to the mistakes of individuals and to stupidity and muddle. These matters all relate to the past. So far as we can remedy mistakes, we shall remedy them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12252'>Winston Churchill<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[54]  Winston Churchill in the House of Commons on Aug 22, 1941.quoted from Gillman\/Gillman cit loc , p 231.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, Auust 22, 1941.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CLess_rigid_deprivation_of_liberty%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>&#8220;<\/strong><strong>Less rigid deprivation of liberty&#8221;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Canadian authorities in particular could have found facts about the internees that suggest incorrect classifications by the British tribunals from the British personnel dossiers. 7,950 files had been collected &#8211; they went down with the <em>Arandora Star<\/em>. The Gillmans criticize that the apology for the false information about the status of the internees was not very profound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The United Kingdom authorities deeply regret that the inclusion of category &#8216;B&#8217; and &#8216;C&#8217; internees among those sent to Canada was not communicated to you earlier, but I hope that no serious problems will arise with their internment in Canada. &#8220;<\/p>\n<cite><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12259'>Thomas Inskip<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[55]  Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote (1876 \u2013 1947), Conservative career politician<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> (1876 \u2013 1947).<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is what the cabinet member responsible for the (former) colonies Thomas Inskip (1876 \u2013 1947) wrote to Canada &#8211; according to the motto: See how you get on with it. He hypocritically goes on to say that he hopes that those now known as Nazi victims can count on a &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-12262'>less rigid system<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[56]  Quoted from Gillman loc.cit., page 240.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of deprivation of liberty&#8221; under Canadian responsibility.<br><br><strong>Please note:<\/strong> This article was extensively revised in November 2025 after the latest list of names compiled by Alfonso Pacitti became available. Figures quoted have not been corrected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button post-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-2\/\">Part 2 : No Jews onPart 2 : No Jews onboard ?<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button post-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/arandora-star-part-3\/\">Part 3: Italians on board<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Footnotes\"><\/span>Footnotes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>show<\/summary>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The sinking of the internment ship &#8220;Arandora Star&#8221; claimed 800 victims. Part 1: &#8220;Completely beside himself with joy&#8221; &#8211; the Nazi hero G\u00fcnter Prien.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5270,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,188],"tags":[306,189,305,206,197],"class_list":["post-12081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arandora-star-en","category-history","tag-arandora-star-en","tag-australia","tag-dunera-en","tag-exil-en","tag-holocaust-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12081"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34473,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12081\/revisions\/34473"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}