{"id":11254,"date":"2024-05-27T07:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T05:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/the-shanghai-12\/"},"modified":"2026-02-08T08:45:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T07:45:20","slug":"the-shanghai-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u201eShanghai 12\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.elementor-1602 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5613107{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--justify-content:space-around;--flex-wrap:wrap;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:60px;--padding-bottom:60px;--padding-left:5px;--padding-right:5px;}.elementor-1602 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data-widget_type=\"loop-carousel.post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper elementor-loop-container elementor-grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-1582\">.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-973247a{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:8px 8px;--row-gap:8px;--column-gap:8px;--margin-top:0px;--margin-bottom:0px;--margin-left:0px;--margin-right:0px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-size:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-size );font-weight:var( 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theme-post-featured-image, class: .elementor-element-b2f8aff *\/.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b2f8aff img{\n    aspect-ratio: 1\/1 !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for theme-post-title, class: .elementor-element-97f6239 *\/.menu-pic:hover h4{\n    color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239 h4 a{\n    font-family: 'Satoshi' !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239{\n    cursor: pointer;\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n}\n\n.elementor-1582 .elementor-element.elementor-element-97f6239:hover{\n     color: #D45847 !important;\n}\n\na{\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n}\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11667 post-11667 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hay-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-internment tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-leberecht-dehn-en tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DehnHeinz-bio-rb7ijmicxjt0bxw6h9zu2cz4s8o6z9vivt8v9s0o28.webp\" title=\"DehnHeinz-bio\" alt=\"Heinz Dehn 1974. Foto: J\u00fcrgen Henschel, Familienarchiv Dehn.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/heinz-dehn\/\">Heinz Dehn<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-13287 post-13287 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hildegard-berndt-en tag-holocaust-en tag-lichtenburg-concentration-camp tag-mainz-mayence tag-rosa-luxemburg-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/FranzLebrecht-bio-qgi0ad2u4qi6jspdspp0om8va49qzm9bsrr6lpu6kw.webp\" title=\"FranzLebrecht-bio\" alt=\"FranzLebrecht-bio\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/franz-lebrecht\/\">Franz Lebrecht<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11502 post-11502 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-hannover-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-the-nussbaum-family\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/nussbaum-rb7hq768z9iuvemxb23aiaanazpj0e21660nexncuo.jpg\" title=\"nussbaum\" alt=\"nussbaum\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-nussbaum-family\/\">The Nussbaum family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-8852 post-8852 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-internment tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/kitchener_suchseite-rb7hqaxlqlo05uhgp3pss9choj6zv6gyiomlc1hs5s.jpg\" title=\"kitchener_suchseite\" alt=\"kitchener_suchseite\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/kitchener-camp\/\">Kitchener Camp<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11022 post-11022 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-hannover-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-the-flieder-family\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/DehnIda_Beitrag-rb7hbh19wpd4zc0zaoxpg02o9oaif3lf5a2sqvhec0.jpg\" title=\"DehnIda_Beitrag\" alt=\"DehnIda_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ida-dehn\/\">Ida Dehn<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10876 post-10876 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-abraham-flieder-en tag-auschwitz-en tag-hannover-en tag-ida-dehn-en tag-polenaktion-en tag-simon-flieder-en tag-zbaszyn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/FliederFamilie-rb7hr0b8v4mqvbglkwoq5kxxpxpwn09pm68paig5hs.jpg\" title=\"FliederFamilie\" alt=\"FliederFamilie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-flieder-family\/\">The Flieder family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10377 post-10377 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-ghetto-riga-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-holocaust-en tag-leberecht-dehn-en tag-theresienstadt-concentration-camp tag-treblinka-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Dehnfamilie-rb7hrdgzit4rduxhg2di4hme1bx1mrpybzdi0dwn2o.jpg\" title=\"Dehnfamilie\" alt=\"Dehnfamilie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-dehn-family\/\">The Dehn family<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10201 post-10201 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp tag-singapore tag-universitaet-muenster\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Friedlich-rb7hquo7q4f0xnoshu8yqmd65mhpctnblebseuoij4.jpg\" title=\"Friedlich\" alt=\"Friedlich\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ernst-friedlich\/\">Ernst Friedlich<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10044 post-10044 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-buchenwald-concentration-camp tag-dachau-concentration-camp tag-ernst-friedlich-fry-en tag-exil-en tag-franz-lebrecht-en tag-hamburg-en tag-leon-gottlieb-en tag-sachsenhausen-concentration-camp tag-singapore\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Gottlieb-rb7hqm7o0m3g1612v8lbm6i0t5nefjpqk8gf3d1234.jpg\" title=\"Gottlieb\" alt=\"Gottlieb\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/leon-gottlieb\/\">Leon Gottlieb<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11143 post-11143 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-eric-robert-towers-en tag-erich-tichauer-en tag-exil-en tag-heinz-dehn-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en-2 tag-walter-fuerst-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Tichauer_beitragsbild-rb7hbx0j4vz0gpdrpdud4e1id83r1ycuvh61wktpe8.jpg\" title=\"Tichauer_beitragsbild\" alt=\"Tichauer_beitragsbild\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/erich-tichauer\/\">Erich Tichauer<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10245 post-10245 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-dr-ernst-wasser-en tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-goerlitz-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-kitchener-camp-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fnankenstein-1-rb7hqwjw3shlkvm26v27vlw3ce8fs7us9nmrdelq6o.jpg\" title=\"Fnankenstein\" alt=\"Fnankenstein\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-hans-frankenstein\/\">Dr Hans Frankenstein<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-10752 post-10752 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-exil-en tag-josef-ganz-en tag-volkswagen-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/ganz-rb7hqn5i7g4qcrzppqzy6o9hejirn8tgwd3wkmznww.jpg\" title=\"ganz\" alt=\"ganz\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/josef-ganz\/\">Josef Ganz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11254 post-11254 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-a-j-storfer-en tag-ernst-platz-en tag-eva-schwarcz-en tag-karl-und-olga-bodan-en tag-mark-siegelberg-en tag-shanghai-12-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/shanghai12-rb7hs3sgu64sexv96dr22azao4bbmamfrln3g4tm8g.jpg\" title=\"shanghai12\" alt=\"shanghai12\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/\">The \u201eShanghai 12\u201c<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-11221 post-11221 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-france tag-ginette-rozenfeld-en tag-holocaust-en tag-ida-dehn-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/rozenfeld-rb7hkl2y5vu7j8sh34qi47ajl5dm1grqqdr98fz00g.jpg\" title=\"rozenfeld\" alt=\"rozenfeld\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ginette-rozenfeld\/\">Ginette Rozenfeld<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-20010 post-20010 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-dr-hans-frankenstein-en tag-exil-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-unrra-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/WasserErnst_Beitragsbild-rb7hbyw7ik1l3xb1eenm9dkfjzuhhckbjqh0v4qx1s.jpg\" title=\"WasserErnst_Beitragsbild\" alt=\"WasserErnst_Beitragsbild\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/dr-ernst-wasser\/\">Dr Ernst Wasser<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-18542 post-18542 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biografie category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-georg-chodziesner-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-isle-of-man-en tag-kitchener-camp-en tag-tatura-en tag-united-kingom\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2-rb7gapkilz1ewdfdysuzxa1nv5hpd9ncrbj519zpow.jpg\" title=\"ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2\" alt=\"ChodziesnerGeorg_beitrag2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/george-chodziesner\/\">George Chodziesner<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-16740 post-16740 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-wolfgang-a-kittel\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Kittel_Beitrag-rb7gwxh65zgfcj5h7wmid66xe1z2bouxhapcfr1ols.png\" title=\"Kittel_Beitrag\" alt=\"Kittel_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wolfgang-kittel\/\">Wolfgang Kittel<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-22118 post-22118 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-harry-jay-en tag-harry-jeidels-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-photography tag-tatura-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/JayHarry_Beitrag-rb7f7obssnlqrc4kwffqvmnjs3vypron2488klva34.jpg\" title=\"JayHarry_Beitrag\" alt=\"JayHarry_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/harry-jay-jeidels\/\">Harry Jay (Jeidels)<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-23049 post-23049 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-australia tag-berlin-en tag-exil-en tag-hay-en tag-hmt-dunera-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-mv-abosso-en tag-tatura-en tag-the-passenger tag-ulrich-a-boschwitz-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag-rb7eojc3n3ekd5xdnnm7lyioco7wzmpe3e1bss8us0.jpg\" title=\"BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag\" alt=\"BoschwitzUlrich_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ulrich-a-boschwitz\/\">Ulrich A. Boschwitz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-24864 post-24864 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-approval category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-internment tag-max-schwarz-en tag-ulrich-laufer-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Beitrag_LauferSchwarz-rb7eccdgzgpnr9mzuvvfrjaexqbi4zaqr1dkokbphs.png\" title=\"Beitrag_LauferSchwarz\" alt=\"Beitrag_LauferSchwarz\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/ulrich-laufer-and-max-schwarz\/\">Ulrich Laufer and Max Schwarz<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-26753 post-26753 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-kids-interned tag-westernland-en\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dunera_wire-rb7hfzncr1jqrvgrx585xd1f1c10eqizfmxsrqsafk.jpg\" title=\"dunera_wire\" alt=\"dunera_wire\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-youngest-dunera-boys\/\">The youngest Dunera Boys<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27115 post-27115 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-exil-en tag-holocaust-en tag-internment tag-oldest-internees tag-queen-mary-internees-2\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/dunera_wire-rb7hfzncr1jqrvgrx585xd1f1c10eqizfmxsrqsafk.jpg\" title=\"dunera_wire\" alt=\"dunera_wire\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-oldest-dunera-boys\/\">The oldest Dunera Boys<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-27437 post-27437 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-dunera-en tag-internment tag-sgt-snow-white tag-sydney-loder tag-taxi-nach-leipzig\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Lohde_Beitrag-rct6diwfi7ekocjmcorl5j3kz2ialcebah2xtl91ow.png\" title=\"Lohde_Beitrag\" alt=\"Lohde_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/sigurd-sigismund-lohde\/\">Sigurd Sigismund Lohde<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1582\" class=\"elementor elementor-1582 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-33139 post-33139 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biography tag-8th-australian-employment-company-en tag-australia tag-captain-e-r-m-broughton tag-dunera-en tag-sgt-snow-white\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973247a menu-pic e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"973247a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f8aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b2f8aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Broughton_Beitrag-rllpa9cplh6ti3ulqmmg29l90ifq03edusrpoqt58w.jpg\" title=\"Broughton_Beitrag\" alt=\"Broughton_Beitrag\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f6239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97f6239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/edward-broughton-soldier-and-bookmaker\/\">Edward Broughton Soldier and Bookmaker<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote without-quotes is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shanghai was occupied by Japan since 1932. However, an &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11262'>International Settlement<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[1]  Wikipedia about the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shanghai_International_Settlement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shanghai-Settlement<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shanghai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">history of the city<\/a> (German), retrieved Aug 10, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; had been preserved, in which 14 countries were officially involved. Because no visa was required, Shanghai was a popular, albeit distant, escape destination for up to 18,000 Jews after the annexation of Austria and the November pogroms of 1938. The Jewish actress Eva Schwarcz and other refugees had also found a place to stay there and carried out anti-fascist cultural work. On December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese marched into the Settlement, removed the international administration and interned all foreigners they could find.<\/p>\n<cite>Peter Dehn, May 2024.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eva Schwarcz and some friends were able to escape this. The name &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221; of this group of Jewish and anti-fascist intellectuals can be traced back to the US filmmaker <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11266'>Pete Vanlaw<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[2]  Pete Vanlaw \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/forthelifeofme-film.com\/2014\/01\/25\/eva-baruch-actress-activist-spy-chap-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eva Baruch \u2013 Actress, Activist or Spy<\/a>\u201c 2014, retrieved April 15, 2021.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a relative of Eva. Because the Dehn family was probably not only connected to her, the group is presented here in short biographies. Last but not least: The activities of this group in Melbourne are also part of Jewish exile life in Australia, even if they are not directly connected to the <em>Dunera<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ShanghaiInternational_Flagge.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ShanghaiInternational_Flagge.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ShanghaiInternational_Flagge-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ShanghaiInternational_Flagge-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The flags of the 12 operating states were integrated into the flag of the settlement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">In this article:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#From_China_to_Australia\" >From China to Australia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Eva_and_Josef_Schwarcz_%E2%80%93_Voices_on_the_radio\" >Eva and Josef Schwarcz &#8211; Voices on the radio<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Ernst_and_Frieda_Platz_%E2%80%93_from_Buchenwald_via_Shanghai_to_Melbourne\" >Ernst and Frieda Platz \u2013 from Buchenwald via Shanghai to Melbourne<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Karl_and_Olga_Bodan_%E2%80%93_about_tobacco_ant_theatre\" >Karl and Olga Bodan \u2013 about tobacco ant theatre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Mark_and_Amalie_Siegelberg_%E2%80%93_between_journalism_and_theatre\" >Mark and Amalie Siegelberg &#8211; between journalism and theatre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Hans_Cecil_Rosenberg_%E2%80%93_a_radio_announcer\" >Hans Cecil Rosenberg \u2013 a radio announcer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Adolf_J_Storfer_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CFreuds_most_faithful_evangelist%E2%80%9C\" >Adolf J. Storfer \u2013 &#8220;Freud\u2019s most faithful evangelist&#8220;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Egon_Varro_%E2%80%93_a_%E2%80%9Csomewhat_combative%E2%80%9D_journalist\" >Egon Varro \u2013 a &#8220;somewhat combative&#8221; journalist<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Roman_Zieher_%E2%80%93_a_doctor_in_exile\" >Roman Zieher \u2013 a doctor in exile<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-shanghai-12\/#Footnotes\" >Footnotes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_China_to_Australia\"><\/span><strong>From China to Australia<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221; were lucky: they were given places on the <em>SS Cape Fairweather<\/em>. It was probably the last ship that was able to leave Shanghai. The voyage began on December 3, 1941 &#8211; just a few days before the Japanese invaded the Settlement. It was characterized by the fact that the US-flagged freighter constantly had to avoid Japanese warships and the route led via Singapore and Hong Kong. The voyage was thus extended. Only after almost four weeks at sea, on December 30, 1941, did the exhausted passengers finally reach their destination: Melbourne. The &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221; settled down there. They not only had an anti-fascist attitude in common. According to research by Pete Vanlaw, all of them are said to have collaborated in some way with the British Ministry of Information and its institutions in Shanghai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eva_and_Josef_Schwarcz_%E2%80%93_Voices_on_the_radio\"><\/span><strong>Eva and Josef Schwarcz &#8211; Voices on the radio<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11270'>Eva Baruch<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[3]  Evas biography in \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.exilforschung.uni-hamburg.de\/forschung\/publikationen\/exilograph\/pdf\/exilograph01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exilograph<\/a>\u201c (German)\u00a0 no. 1\/1997 was taken into account here despite some inaccuracies, retrieved May 10, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was born in Berlin on February 20, 1919. Like her mother K\u00e4te, she became an actress. As a Jew, the young woman could only perform in the theater of the Jewish Cultural Association in Berlin in the 1930s. She emigrated with her mother to Shanghai in 1938, where she performed in plays in German and Yiddish at theaters in exile. There she met the theater people Karl Bodan and Mark Siegelberg, among others.  She was employed by the British Ministry of Information&#8217;s radio station XGDN &#8220;The Voice of Democracy&#8221; to produce a weekly program. The British had set up the station to counteract <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11274'>XGRS<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[4]  Cf. Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XGRS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">XGRS<\/a>, retrieved Dec 15, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> which was run by the Nazis in Shanghai and broadcasted Nazi propaganda in six languages.  Among other things, she wrote a radio play for XGDN based on the experience report &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11276'>Die Moorsoldaten<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[5]  Wolfgang Langhoffs book \"Peat Bog Soldiers\" (Die Moorsoldaten) was published first 1935 in Switzerland. Langhoff was co-author of the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Die_Moorsoldaten\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">song<\/a> (German) of the same name. It was written in 1933 in the B\u00f6rgermoor concentration camp and is still the best-known song of the German resistance to this day.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; (&#8220;Peat Bog Soldiers&#8221;)  about the Nazi concentration camp near <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11279'>B\u00f6rgermoor<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[6]  Wikipedia (German) about the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KZ_B%C3%B6rgermoor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00f6rgermoor concentration camp<\/a>, retrieved March 10, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. It cannot be proven that Eva Schwarcz also worked secretly for the British, as Vanshaw claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In August 1938, she married the Viennese painter Josef Schwarcz, born in 1910, who worked for the British consulate, and became an Austrian. As a Jew and due to her membership of the Communist Party, she was doubly endangered in Shanghai in view of the Japanese threat.<br><br>When Eva and Josef arrived in Melbourne with the &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221; in the last days of December 1941, Eva was pregnant. Their son Peter Michael was born in Melbourne in July 1942. Eva&#8217;s passport photo taken for the Australian authorities when she entered the country shows a woman clearly marked by hardship &#8211; even though she was only 22 years old.<br><br>After some time, Eva and Josef separated. Eva kept her son with her and earned her living as a seamstress in a clothing store. In Melbourne, Eva joined the Heinrich Heine League, in which Nazi opponents of different political views engaged in joint cultural activities. She soon became the spokesperson for the small exile organization. Interesting fact: <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/heinz-dehn\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11667\">Heinz Dehn&#8217;s<\/a> home in the Melbourne suburb of Windsor is given as the postal address on a surviving headed note.<br><br>However, it was difficult for Eva to find a job as actress in Australia. So Eva Schwarcz and her mother K\u00e4te Baruch, who had only arrived from Shanghai at the beginning of 1947, decided to return to Germany. This also made sense because Eva&#8217;s friend from the Jewish Cultural Association, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11282'>Fritz Wisten<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[7]  Wikipedia (German) about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fritz_Wisten\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fritz Wisten<\/a>, retrievend Oct 5, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, promised professional help in East Berlin.<br><br>Eva paid a high price for this, as she was not allowed to take her son with her. Josef had withdrawn his original consent: Staying in Germany was bad for a Jewish child. He enforced this against <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11285'>in court<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[8]  \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/22441879\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Father gets Custody in Unusual Case<\/a>\u201c, The Argus (Melbourne) July 22, 1947, National Library of Australia, retrieved June 22, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. From Germany, she tried to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11291'>in touch<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[9]  Documents of Dehn family archive.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> with her son Peter Michael via Heinz Dehn. Josef Schwarcz lived just a few hundred meters away from Heinz Dehn.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SchwarczEva_1942.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SchwarczEva_1942.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SchwarczEva_1942-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Eva Schwarcz. Source: NAA_ItemNumber6570196.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SchwarczJosef_1942.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SchwarczJosef_1942.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SchwarczJosef_1942-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Josef Schwarcz. Source:&nbsp;NAA_ItemNumber4110161.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"716\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Schwarcz_1941_Theaterzettel.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Schwarcz_1941_Theaterzettel.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Schwarcz_1941_Theaterzettel-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">Programme sheet of a performance by Eva Schwarcz in Melbourne, in which other &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221; were involved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"131\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/19470722_TheArgus.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4357\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Newspaper report on the Schwarcz vs. Schwarcz trial from 22 July 1942.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their journey had taken mother and daughter to East Berlin in mid-July 1947. Soviet-occupied East Germany was seen by the returnees from exile (in contrast to the West) as a place of hope for the construction of an anti-fascist and democratic country. The suppression of the uprising on June 17, 1953 put Eva at odds with the communist party SED, from which she was expelled. After that, she was almost only able to work in provincial theaters. In March 1961, just a few months before the Wall was built, she left the GDR with her second husband, the radio presenter Georg Peter Puder. They both lived in Cologne and worked for radio stations, including the state foreign radio station of the Federal Republic of Germany, Deutsche Welle.<br><br>At the age of just 46, Eva died on April 25, 1966 in Freiburg after complications from a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11288'>tuberculosis operation<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[10]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eva_Schwarcz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eva Schwarcz<\/a> (German), retrieved June 6, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Georg Peter Puder married a well-known presenter and pop singer in September 1967, a marriage that attracted a great deal of <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11293'>media attention<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[11]  Cf. \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/service.wochenblatt.net\/fileadmin\/Archiv\/Jubilaeumsausgabe\/25Jahrek.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 Jahre Wochenblatt<\/a>\u201c 1992, retrieved Sep 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. He died in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11296'>1998<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[12]  Cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiomelody.ch\/schlager-news\/schlagersaengerin-ulla-norden-verstorben-134800812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Radio Melody<\/a> (German), retrieved June 6, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ernst_and_Frieda_Platz_%E2%80%93_from_Buchenwald_via_Shanghai_to_Melbourne\"><\/span><strong>Ernst and Frieda Platz \u2013 from Buchenwald via Shanghai to Melbourne<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ernst Platz and Heinz Dehn may have met in Buchenwald concentration camp. Franz Lebrecht may also have been one of the concentration camp comrades whom Ernst met again in Australia. In any case, the name Ernst Platz is remembered from conversations with the Dehn family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ernst Platz, born in Br\u00fchl near Cologne in 1906, was imprisoned in the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11300'>Buchenwald concentration camp<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[13]  Card index Ernst Platz of Buchenwald concentration camp, Arolsen archvies.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> as a Jew with the number 5905 from June 15, 1938 to June 30, 1939. One of the things he reported from this time was the solidarity of the political prisoners: the socialist underground in the camp had offered him membership, protected him and advised him to train his memory so that he would later be able to report accurately on what he had <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11303'>experienced<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[14]  Cf. Michael R. Marrus (ed..) \u201eThe Nazi Holocaust\u201c, Part 2, page 638.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. On the advice of his comrades, he injured his hand to avoid being forced to do hard labor.<br><br>His wife Frieda Rau was born in 1903. They had married in Berlin in 1933 and were now awaiting his release. They saw their prospects far away from Nazi Germany in visa-free Shanghai. In the international zone, they made contact with other exiles; Ernst worked there as a <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11307'>journalist<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[15]  Cf. \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.digibib.genealogy.net\/viewer\/image\/267943768D\/97\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emigranten Adressbuch<\/a>\u201c of 1939, page 97, retrieved Aug 17, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Ernst and Frieda had to leave this place of exile in 1941 and arrived in Melbourne with their ten fellow sufferers on December 30, 1941.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\" id=\"frieda\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PlatzFrida_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PlatzFrida_1948.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PlatzFrida_1948-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Frieda Platz. Source: NAA_ItemNumber4125056.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PlatzErnst_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PlatzErnst_1948.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PlatzErnst_1948-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ernst Platz: Source: NAA_ItemNumber4110022<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before they could build a new life in Australia, Ernst Platz signed up to serve in a work unit of the Australian army. This may have made it easier for them to remain Down Under in the long term &#8211; as was the case with the Dunera Boys, who were also denied military service under arms. In March 1942 &#8211; less than three months after arriving in Australia and like &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221; comrade Egon Varro &#8211; Ernst was drafted into the 4th Employment Company, from which he was discharged as a Lance Corporal on June 19, 1945. Ernst and Frieda became Australian citizens in February 1948.<br><br>Ernst Platz remained politically active. After his time in the army, he worked for the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11310'>Jewish Council to Combat Fascism and Anti-Semitism<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[16]  Salomea Genin \u201eIch folgte den falschen G\u00f6ttern\u201c (I followed false gods) Berlin 2012, page 54.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Among other things, this organization drew attention to fascist tendencies and attacks against Jewish institutions in Australia. The organization was led by the writer and communist Judah Waten (1911 &#8211; 1985). Platz was its <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11312'>secretary general<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[17]  Cf. \u201eThe Jewish Herald\u201c, Melbourne from Dec 22, 1967 in NAA_ItemNumber4025323, retrieved Jan 15, 2024, \u201eNeues Deutschland\u201c, Dec 17, 1960.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> from 1960 to 1967. In the 1961 elections to the Australian Parliament, he stood as a candidate for the Labor Party in the Melbourne district of Balaclava, but was not elected.<br><br>Ernst Platz died on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11315'>August 17, 1969<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[18]  Cf. family trees at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.myheritage.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">my heritage<\/a>, accessed on 10 October 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. To this day, the Australian National Archives has kept some of his files under <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11318'>lock and key<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[19]  Cf. Files at National Archives of Australia (NAA) about Ernst Platz, retrieved Aug 19, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. One of the reasons given for this is that the security of the country and informants are at risk. Publicly accessible digitized ASIO files on the Jewish Council also show that Ernst Platz was listed at ASIO under the number <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11321'>VPF 1397<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[20]  Cf. Files about Jewish Council at National Archiv Australien (NAA), among others: NAA_ItemNumber837221, NAA_ItemNumber1801106, NAA_ItemNumber3086601, NAA_ItemNumber4025323, NAA_ItemNumber12762745.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Accessible documents date back to early 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Karl_and_Olga_Bodan_%E2%80%93_about_tobacco_ant_theatre\"><\/span><strong>Karl and Olga Bodan \u2013 about tobacco ant theatre<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karl Bodan and his wife <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11327'>Olga<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[21]  Cf. Entry for Hayegg-Bodan, Olga in \u201eBiografisches Lexikon der Theaterkunst\u201c, 1998, page 388.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> were also theater people. An acquaintance with Heinz Dehn can be confidently assumed &#8211; and not only because of Dehn&#8217;s contacts with Eva Schwarcz and Ernst Platz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karl Bodan was born in Vienna on September 9, 1894. His wife Olga, n\u00e9e Hajek (also: Hayegg) was born in Prague on June 28, 1899. It is not known when the actor and director and the opera singer met and under what circumstances they came to Shanghai. Nevertheless, together with Eva Schwarcz, Mark Siegelberg and others, they contributed to a diverse anti-fascist oriented theater landscape for the large German-speaking community. Bodan staged plays by Curt Goetz and others in German as well as Upton Sinclair&#8217;s &#8220;Last Hope&#8221; in Yiddish. Olga was given roles in many performances. <br><br>The move to Melbourne also brought a serious career break for the Bodans. First of all, they had to make a living. The only six digitized sheets of Australian files show that Karl named a hairdressing business &#8220;Bodan &amp; Kann&#8221; as his employer in 1948, while Olga stated that she worked as a tobacconist for this company.<br><br>The address of &#8220;Bodan &amp; Kann&#8221; was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-23503'>7 Chapel Street<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[22]  The house number no longer exists today; the building was probably sacrificed in 1968 when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stkildahistory.org.au\/about\/timeline-1950-now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dandenong Road<\/a> was widened to form the Princes Highway, thereby enlarging the intersection with Chapel Street enormously.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the Melbourne suburb of St. Kilda. Heinz Dehn and his future wife Ida Flieder lived at 109 Wellington Street, less than 300 meters away. What was to stop Heinz, a heavy smoker, from buying his cigarettes in the nearest store, having his hair cut there and helping a fellow exile in the process?<br><br>But who was the Bodans&#8217; partner called Kann? Unfortunately, there are no records of this in Australian archives. However, one answer might be obvious: the Kann family, who were deported from Singapore to Australia in 1940 on the <em>Queen Mary<\/em>, also came from Vienna. The father Siegfried was born in Vienna in 1877 and was an accountant. In 1908, he married Johanna Zuckermann, a singing teacher born in Komotau (now Chomutov, Czech Republic) in 1886. Their son Herbert was born in Vienna in 1909 and studied engineering. After his release from the Tatura 3 internment camp, Herbert served in the 8th Employment Company for four months and became an Australian citizen in 1945. He died in Melbourne in 1988. After Siegfried died in 1948, Johanna joined her second son Theodor in the USA, where she became a naturalized citizen in 1954.<br><br>Were Herbert or Siegfried the Bodans&#8217; partners?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/BodanKarl_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/BodanKarl_1948.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/BodanKarl_1948-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Karl Bodan. Source: NAA_ItemNumber4119141<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/BodanOlga_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/BodanOlga_1948.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/BodanOlga_1948-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Olga Bodan. Source: NAA_ItemNumber4119140<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"736\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Melbourne_AstorCinema_2019.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Melbourne_AstorCinema_2019.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Melbourne_AstorCinema_2019-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Melbourne_AstorCinema_2019-768x565.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Astor cinema has been on Chapel Street in Melbourne St Kilda since 1936 &#8211; not far from Heinz and Ida&#8217;s apartment. Photo: Peter Dehn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1947_Molnar_Anzeige.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1947_Molnar_Anzeige.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1947_Molnar_Anzeige-300x209.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Advertisement for the Bodan production of Molnar&#8217;s &#8220;Sp\u00fciel im Schloss&#8221; &#8211; tickets at Bodan &amp; Kann.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In parallel to securing their livelihood, the Bodans sought to connect with Melbourne&#8217;s theater life and produced, among other things, Franz Molnar&#8217;s &#8220;Play in the Castle&#8221; in German at the end of 1947. &#8220;Bodan &amp; Kann&#8221; was named in the advertisement as the only point of sale for tickets. The production was performed in various venues until at least 1950.<br><br>It seems that &#8220;Bodan &amp; Kann&#8221; was the financing basis for the Bodans to have their own stage. The late entry of the Bodans and other exiled artists into Melbourne&#8217;s cultural world in the mid-1950s &#8220;may have had to do with the slow establishment of emigrants in Australian society&#8221;, <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11331'>theater historians speculate<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[23]  Birgit Lang \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.literaturepochen.at\/exil\/lecture_5039_8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Earnestness of beeing Importer<\/a>. \u201a\u00d6sterreichisches\u2018 Theater und Kabarett im australischen Exil\u201c, 2002, Salzburg\u00a0 University, retrieved Sep 5, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The potential of actors that the producers of German-language plays had to &#8220;share&#8221; was certainly limited. In 1956, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Arthur Schnitzler&#8217;s death, the Bodans&#8217; &#8220;Kleines Theater&#8221; played his &#8220;Anatol&#8221; and the exile play &#8220;Fremde Erde&#8221; by Mark Siegelberg and Hans Schubert. But it was difficult to retain an audience permanently. So it seems that the &#8220;Kleines Theater&#8221; project had little chance of survival.<br><br>The Bodans, Australian citizens since 1948, decided to return to Vienna. Karl died there on May 23, 1960 and Olga on November 9, 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mark_and_Amalie_Siegelberg_%E2%80%93_between_journalism_and_theatre\"><\/span>Mark and Amalie Siegelberg &#8211; between journalism and theatre<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11334'>Mark Siegelberg<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[24]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mark_Siegelberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Siegelberg<\/a>, retrieved Sep 20, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was born on June 11, 1895 in Luck (then Poland, now Lutsk, Ukraine) about 150 km north of Lviv. He completed his studies in law and economics with doctorates. In Vienna, where the family had emigrated during his childhood, he worked as a journalist for the newspapers &#8220;Der Morgen&#8221;, &#8220;Die Stunde&#8221; and &#8220;Der Tag&#8221; from 1922 onwards. From 1934 to 1938 he was editor of the &#8220;Stunde&#8221;. He had been married to Amalie Juran, born on May 8, 1893 in Brno, since 1924.<br><br>The Nazi regime annexed Austria on March 12, 1938. Mark Siegelberg was now doubly at risk as a Jew and journalistic critic of National Socialism. Like many other Nazi opponents, he was arrested shortly after the invasion and taken to the Dachau concentration camp on April 2, 1938. The Nazis prevented their opponents from taking part in the (already manipulated) referendum of April 10, 1938 by imprisonment, which was intended to give the invasion a democratic mantle.<br><br>In Dachau, Mark Siegelberg was listed with the number 13877. On <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/the-fall-gruen\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11996\">September 23, 1938<\/a> he was transferred to the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11337'>Buchenwald concentration camp<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[25]  Card index of Buchenwald concentration Camp for Mark Siegelberg, Arolsen archives.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, where he was given the number 9670. It cannot be proven whether Mark Siegelberg, Heinz Dehn, <a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/franz-lebrecht\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"13287\">Franz Lebrecht<\/a> and other later &#8220;Australians&#8221; already met in Dachau or Buchenwald. He may have been brought to Buchenwald in the same transport as Dehn or Lebrecht. The Nazis stripped him of his academic titles. It was not until mid-1955 that he was officially allowed to use his doctorate again.<br><br>Released from prison on April 22, 1939, Mark and Amalie were able to <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11340'>escape to Shanghai<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[26]  Cf. Application to the emogration department of J\u00fcdischen Kultusgemeinde Wien from July 1, 1938, last permit allowed 370 Reichsmark subsidy towards own share of travel cost from Dec 26, 1938.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> which they had been preparing for almost a year. On the crossing he wrote a book about his time in the concentration camp. In 1940 he combined his Dachau camp number and the note on his index card &#8220;Sch J&#8221; to create the title of his concentration camp report &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11342'>Schutzhaftjude Nr. 13877<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[27]  With \u201eEin Mann namens Brandt\u201c by Siegelberg, published by Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft 2022, ISBN 978-3-901602-96-2.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; (Protective Custody Jew No. 13877). The plays &#8220;Die Masken fallen&#8221; (The Masks Fall) and &#8220;Fremde Erde&#8221; (Foreign Earth) were created in Shanghai, with which he and his co-author Hans Schubert provoked a protest from the Reich Ambassador. As a journalist, Karl supported the exile magazines &#8220;The Shanghai Herald&#8221; and &#8220;Shanghai Jewish Chronicle&#8221;.<br><br>The British Ministry of Information repaid the cooperation in his case by evacuating him to Australia. In 1948 he named the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11345'>Ungar Trading Co.<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[28]  NAA files Mark Siegelberg, NAA_ItemNumber4110190.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a carpet trade in the Melbourne business district, as his employer. But journalism and theater didn&#8217;t let him go. In 1954 he founded the magazine &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11348'>Neue Welt<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[29]  Wikipedia about \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neue_Welt_(Zeitschrift)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neue Welt<\/a>\u201c (Grrman), retrieved April 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8221; in Melbourne as a bilingual &#8220;Australian-German weekly&#8221;. Siegelberg dealt, among other things, with immigration issues and reported from German-speaking countries as well as about Israel and Judaism. There were also extensive sports and entertainment sections.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SiegelbergMark_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SiegelbergMark_1948.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SiegelbergMark_1948-268x300.jpg 268w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Mark Siegelberg. Source: NAA_ItemNumber4110190.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SiegelbergAmalie_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SiegelbergAmalie_1948.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/SiegelbergAmalie_1948-268x300.jpg 268w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Amalie Siegelberg. Source: NAA_ItemNumber4110191.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/dachau_ausgang.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4440 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/dachau_ausgang.png 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/dachau_ausgang-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">Mark Siegelberg&#8217;s index card of the Dachau concentration camp. Source: Arolsen Archives.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"304\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/fremdeerde_KLeinesTheater.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/fremdeerde_KLeinesTheater.jpg 304w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/fremdeerde_KLeinesTheater-182x300.jpg 182w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">Title page of a programme booklet of the &#8220;Little Theatre&#8221; in Melbourne for Siegelberg&#8217;s exile play &#8220;Stranger Earth&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept was well received by readers and advertisers alike, including many entrepreneurs of German origin. After just one year, Siegelberg switched from a fortnightly to a weekly publication. After changing its name in the 1980s, the paper was published until 2004. In the 1950s, he had also supported the Bodans&#8217; Little Theatre.<br><br>In 1968, Mark Siegelberg, now aged 73, retired from his professional activities. He and Amalie went back to Austria. He died in Katzelsdorf near Vienna on 4 December 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hans_Cecil_Rosenberg_%E2%80%93_a_radio_announcer\"><\/span><strong>Hans Cecil Rosenberg \u2013 a radio announcer<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hans Rosenberg was an actor and worked in Shanghai as a radio announcer. He was born on February 10, 1910 in Berlin as<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11352'> one of three sons<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[30]  Cf. Biography of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stolpersteine-hamburg.de\/?MAIN_ID=7&amp;BIO_ID=2305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Rosenberg<\/a>, Stolpersteine Hamburg (German), retrieved Oct 19, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> of Eugen Rosenberg and Frida Magnus. Hans&#8217; older brother Julius, who had last practiced as a doctor in the Netherlands, and his family were deported in 1943 and murdered in Auschwitz. His mother and brother Herbert (*1908) was able to emigrate to the USA.<br><br>The job description &#8220;radio announcer&#8221; could indicate that Hans Cecil Rosenberg also worked for the British radio station XGDN in Shanghai. In Australia he served shortly after arrival &#8211; from March 30, 1942 to January 3, 1946 &#8211; in the 6th Employment Company. Nothing is known about his further stay there. What is clear, however, is that he soon returned to Germany.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/RosenbergHansC_1942.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/RosenbergHansC_1942.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/RosenbergHansC_1942-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">The photo for Hans Rosenberg&#8217;s Australian foreigner&#8217;s identity card was taken in 1942. source: NAA_ItemNumber6255458.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> He died in Berlin on March 28, 1950 after suffering from <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11355'>lung cancer<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[31]  Registry office Berlin, no. 768 from March 29, 1950.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and was buried in the Weissensee Jewish cemetery. His mother Frida, who died a few months after him in Detroit, was buried at his side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adolf_J_Storfer_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CFreuds_most_faithful_evangelist%E2%80%9C\"><\/span><strong>Adolf J. Storfer \u2013 <\/strong>&#8220;<strong>Freud\u2019s most faithful evangelist<\/strong>&#8220;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11359'>Adolf (Albert) Josef Storfer<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[32]  Wikipedia about <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Josef_Storfer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A.J. Storfer<\/a> (German), retrieved Sep 15, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> was also an employee of Radio XGDN in Shanghai and as such an employee of the British Ministry of Information, as he noted on the questionnaire when <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11362'>entering Australia<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[33]  NAA files A.J. Storfer, NAA_ItemNumber7113401.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Before that, however, the son of a timber merchant and a banker&#8217;s daughter, who was born on January 11, 1888 in Botosani (Romania), had an experience that shaped his life. He studied literature and law in order to then train as a journalist.<br><br>In 1910 he sent his text &#8220;Zur Sonderstellung des Vatermordes&#8221; (On the Special Position of Patricide) to Sigmund Freud in Vienna, which the father of psychoanalysis took note of favorably. After the First World War, Storfer went to Vienna and worked for a specialist publisher co-founded by Freud. Storfer, Freud&#8217;s daughter Anna and Otto Rank published Sigmund Freud&#8217;s twelve-volume &#8220;Collected Writings&#8221; there from 1924 onwards. This and other publishing projects proved to be risky because of the complex and expensive design and the rather low buyer potential. The publisher went into debt, Storfer left and, among other things, dealt with the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11365'>psychological causes of anti-Semitism<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[34]  Christof Goddemeier \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/210735\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geist von der Eindringlichkeit eines Drillbohrers<\/a>\u201c (Spirit with the forcefulness of a drill, German), in \u201e\u00c4rzteblatt\u201c, Nov 2019, page 510, retrieved Aug 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Storfer was refused a visa for the USA or Switzerland. So the only option was to travel to visa-free Shanghai. There he founded the magazine &#8220;Gelbe Post&#8221;, which first appeared on May 1, 1939. Much praised, the paper&#8217;s financial situation only stabilized after donations from the USA. Did that tempt Storfer to take further risks and switch to appearing every day? The &#8220;Gelbe Post&#8221; had not been on the market for long when Nazi agents in Shanghai saw their criminal world view tarnished and set their sights on Storfer: &#8220;Der St\u00fcrmer&#8221; in July 1939 ran an anonymous article about the &#8220;Jew A. J. Storfer&#8221;, psychoanalysis and their &#8220;degenerate Jewish sense of gender for the peoples of all races (\u2026). This teaching is a complete Jewish mess. (\u2026) The Chinese people, who are already very badly corrupted by communism, should completely perish because of his poison.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/GelbePostjpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/GelbePostjpg.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/GelbePostjpg-188x300.jpg 188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">The front page of the &#8220;Gelhe Post&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of August, Storfer had to give up the magazine under external pressure. Due to the high workload and the unfamiliar climate, he suffered a heart attack. Then came the evacuation to Australia as one of the &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221;. He couldn&#8217;t regain his footing there. He worked in a sawmill and as a button turner. On December 2, 1944, he died in a Melbourne hospital from complications of pneumonia.<br><br>An <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11368'>obituary by Alfred Polgar<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[35]  Quoted from Roland Kaufhold \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hagalil.com\/2018\/06\/storfer-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Die gelbe Post<\/a> \u2013 eine deutschsprachige Emigrantenzeitschrift aus Shanghai\u201c, hagalil.com, 14.6.2018, retrieved Aug 20, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> is often quoted: &#8220;Sigmund Freud&#8217;s most faithful evangelist, in a wood turnery. Maybe he did it out of necessity. It would not be out of the question for Storfer to have been won over by the idea that turning buttons was a more sensible activity than writing books.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Egon_Varro_%E2%80%93_a_%E2%80%9Csomewhat_combative%E2%80%9D_journalist\"><\/span><strong>Egon Varro \u2013 a &#8220;<\/strong><strong>somewhat combative&#8221;<\/strong><strong> journalist<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Egon Varro was also a journalist. He was born on June 6, 1919 in Berlin.  <br>Probably as an &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/aktionsjuden\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"15854\">Aktionsjude<\/a>&#8221; he was imprisoned in <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-22716'>Sachsenhausen<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[36]  Response from the Sachsenhausen Memorial dated 13.4.2025 to a request from dunera.de.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> concentration camp with the prisoner number 8914 until November 29, 1938. On December 27, 1938, he left Bremen on the <em>Gneisenau<\/em> for Shanghai. He was listed as a musician in the <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11371'>emigrant address book<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[37]  \u201eEmigranten Adressbuch\u201c loc.cit. p. 119, retrieved Aug 17, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> there from 1939. In July 1939 he founded the small newspaper &#8220;Der Querschnitt&#8221; (Crosssection) to shed light on the common interests of emigrants. &#8220;The editor, Egon Varro, showed <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11374'>a critical and somewhat combative attitude<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[38]  <a href=\"http:\/\/origin-archive.ifla.org\/IV\/ifla62\/62-walh.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hartmut Walravens<\/a> \u201eGerman Influence on the Press in China\u201c, conference paper from August 1996, retrieved Sep 20, 2022.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>&#8220;, says one chronicler. He also worked for the British Ministry of Information and was evacuated to Australia on the <em>Cape Fairweather<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"702\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/VarroEgon_registry.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/VarroEgon_registry.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/VarroEgon_registry-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">Egon Varro&#8217;s passport photo for registration in Australia.\nSource: NAA_ItemNumber 6555612.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like Ernst Platz, he immediately enroled to the army and joined the same unit, the 4th Employment Company, on March 18, 1942. He received fines for failing to appear at roll call and violating the code of conduct. He was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11377'>released from service<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[39]  Army files Egon Varro, NAA_ItemNumber6255503.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> on February 22, 1944 for health reasons: he was certified as having a &#8220;schizoid personality&#8221;.<br><br>In October 1947 he was <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11379'>naturalized<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[40]  NAA files Egon Varro, NAA_ItemNumber31676760.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in Australia. In the same year he married the 23-year-old Maria Letitia Kloppenburg (1924 &#8211; 1995), who emigrated from the Netherlands <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11381'>to Australia with her parents<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[41]  Cf. Quarantine Service list of <em>SS Gorgon<\/em> at Fremantle, via ancestry.de.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> and two sisters in 1934.<br><br>In Australia he worked as a journalist &#8211; for local publications and as a correspondent for West German publishers. However, his reports do not always seem to have struck a chord with the editors. Varro had received a request not to switch from sending his <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11384'>texts by airmail<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[42]  Cf. \u201ePost War Australia\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.surplusvalue.org.au\/McQueen\/p_war_aus\/Soc-Cu\/pwar_aus_sc_time.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time Magazine<\/a> 1960, retrieved Sep 25, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> to fast cable &#8220;unless half the continent is blown away.&#8221; This coincided with the Australian government&#8217;s <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11387'>attempt to ban the Communist Party<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[43]  Cf. Humphrey McQueen \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books?id=pFKHvnUqw2YC&amp;pg=PA231&amp;lpg=PA231&amp;dq=%22Egon+Varro%22&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=yneufrhWWg&amp;sig=ACfU3U3iAViZ6L_F-BIN0gSalfBtDh311Q&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjLlMam7OWBAxX5QfEDHWqLA8w4HhDoAXoECAIQAw#v nach=onepage&amp;q=%22Egon%20Varro%22&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social Sketches of Australia<\/a>\u201c 1979, ISBN 978-0140044355. Page 231. More: Wikipedia about the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petrov-Aff%C3%A4re\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Petrov-affair<\/a>, retrieved May 15, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The claim that the party was acting as an intelligence for the Soviet Union could never be proven despite a Russian defector (Petrov affair) and the plan failed. Perhaps the media reticence in the Federal Republic was also due to the fact that the ban the Communist Party was being prepared there and the topic was to be kept small.<br><br>Egon Varro died on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11395'>April 22, 1976<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[44]  Cf. files about Egon Varro on ancestry.de, retrieved March 10, 2023.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> in Melbourne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Roman_Zieher_%E2%80%93_a_doctor_in_exile\"><\/span><strong>Roman Zieher \u2013 a doctor in exile<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast to the other &#8220;Shanghai 12&#8221;, Roman Zieher had his profession not in the artistic field. He was born on February 14, 1902 in Lemberg (then Poland, now: Lviv, Ucraine) and became a doctor. The fact that he was Jewish was certainly the main reason for his escape, which initially took him to visa-free Shanghai. Little is known about his time in Australia: in 1943 he married <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11398'>Maria Yvonne Sterne<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[45]  Sales contract Sterne from 1940, NAA_ItemNumber5488154<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. The sports teacher was born in Brno in 1905. On the notice of his naturalization dated June 12, 1947, there is a &#8220;<span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11408'>Warning notice<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[46]  Sales contract Sterne from 1940, NAA_ItemNumber5488154.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span> given on 29\/1\/47&#8243; from a &#8220;Security Service&#8221;. However, this uninterpretable note apparently could not prevent him from setting up as a general practitioner in Melbourne.<br><br>Roman Zieher died on <span class='reference'><span class='has_reference ref-11403'>November 10, 1984<\/span><span class='ref_tooltip'>[47]  Estate records of Victoria, quoted from ancestry.com.<span class=\"tooltip_arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"770\" src=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ZieherRoman_Registry.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ZieherRoman_Registry.jpg 500w, https:\/\/dunera.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ZieherRoman_Registry-195x300.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"caption wp-block-paragraph\">The passport photo was taken around 1942. Source: NAA_ItemNumber 6543576.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Footnotes\"><\/span>Footnotes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>show<\/summary>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A group of Jewish artists came to Australia via Shanghai. Some were acquainted with the Dehn family.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[291,288,287,289,290,286],"class_list":["post-11254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biography","tag-a-j-storfer-en","tag-ernst-platz-en","tag-eva-schwarcz-en","tag-karl-und-olga-bodan-en","tag-mark-siegelberg-en","tag-shanghai-12-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11254"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29676,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11254\/revisions\/29676"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dunera.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}